OCR GCSE Combined Science B key terms

Radiation that can remove electrons from atoms, producing charged particles called ions.

Exposure of an object or person to radiation.

An atom of an element with a particular neutron number. Isotopes of the same element have equal proton numbers but different neutron numbers.

An internationally agreed system of chemical naming developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

A graph showing how the current through a component changes with the potential difference across it.

In vitro fertilisation: a treatment in which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the body and resulting embryos are transferred into the uterus.

A unit of energy equal to the energy transferred by a 1 kW appliance operating for 1 hour: $1\text{ kWh} = 3.6 \times 10^6\text{ J}$.

The energy an object has because it is moving, measured in joules (J).

A site where waste is deposited and buried.

A regular, repeating three-dimensional arrangement of particles.

A light-dependent resistor whose resistance decreases as the light intensity falling on it increases.

A solution formed by leaching material; in metal extraction, it contains dissolved metal ions.

The principle that, when conditions change for a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that counteracts the change.

Luteinising hormone: a hormone normally released by the pituitary gland that triggers the release of a mature egg from an ovary.

An assessment of the environmental impacts of a material or product throughout its life, from obtaining raw materials to its final disposal or recovery.

An electronic timing device that detects when an object interrupts a beam of light.

The amount of light energy reaching a given area per unit time.

A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen.

A strong, woody material deposited in xylem cell walls that strengthens them and helps prevent collapse.

An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide that turns milky when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.

A condition that restricts the rate of a process; improving that condition increases the rate until another condition becomes limiting.

A reactant that is completely used up and therefore restricts the maximum amount of product that can form.

The point beyond which a spring's extension is no longer directly proportional to the applied force.

A circuit component whose current is directly proportional to the potential difference across it under constant physical conditions; its I–V graph is a straight line through the origin.

A relationship represented by a straight-line graph, with a constant gradient.

The straight line through an object in the direction in which a force acts.

A line or smooth curve that represents the overall trend of plotted data rather than joining every individual measurement.