OCR GCSE Combined Science B key terms

A pair of outer-shell electrons that is not shared in a covalent bond.

A wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel.

An ore containing a relatively small proportion of the useful metal or its compounds.

A substance that reduces friction between surfaces moving over one another.

The use of a substance such as oil between moving surfaces to reduce friction and unwanted heating.

The space inside a blood vessel through which blood flows.

A type of white blood cell involved in specific immune responses, including antibody production.

A region in which a magnet experiences a force. Field lines represent its direction and strength.

A line used to represent a magnetic field. Its arrow shows field direction, and the spacing between neighbouring lines indicates field strength.

A measure of the strength of a magnetic field, represented by $B$ and measured in tesla (T).

An end of a magnet where its magnetic effect is strongest. Every magnet has a north pole and a south pole.

How many times larger an image is than the actual object.

The size of a quantity, without its direction. The magnitude of a force is measured in newtons (N).

The ability of a material to be bent or hammered into a new shape without breaking.

Able to be hammered or pressed into a different shape without breaking.

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms. Mass is not a force.

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular atom, represented by $A$.

The movement and reuse of substances between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem.

A model that uses mathematical relationships to represent how quantities are connected.

The material that binds and holds the reinforcement together in a composite.

The sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values.

The change in a measured quantity divided by the time taken for that change.

The middle value when data are arranged in numerical order; for an even number of values, it is the mean of the two middle values.

Cell division that halves the chromosome number, producing haploid cells from a diploid cell. It involves one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions.

The temperature at which a substance changes between solid and liquid at a specified pressure.

Separation using a membrane that allows some substances to pass through while retaining others.

A long-lived immune cell formed after exposure to an antigen that enables a faster response if the same antigen is encountered again.