Eduqas GCSE Geography A key terms

A ridge of sand or shingle attached to the land at one end and extending out into the sea or across an estuary.

The height above sea level of a particular point, marked on a map.

A tide with an especially large difference between high and low water, occurring around new and full moons.

A person or organisation affected by, or able to influence, an issue or decision.

The material conditions in which someone lives, including their income, housing and ability to afford goods and services.

Negative attitudes towards a person or group because of a characteristic such as having HIV.

A place where water is held temporarily, such as vegetation, soil, a lake or underground rock.

A graph showing how river discharge changes before, during and after a storm, often with rainfall shown alongside it.

An abnormal rise in sea level during a storm, mainly caused by strong winds pushing seawater towards the coast.

Dividing a population or area into groups and sampling each in proportion to its size.

A steep-sided volcano built from volcanic material that accumulates around a vent; its viscous magma can trap gases and produce explosive eruptions.

The energy available in flowing river water to do work, such as eroding and transporting sediment; it is influenced by discharge and channel slope.

The process in which one tectonic plate descends beneath another into the mantle.

A judgement influenced by personal opinions, experiences or preferences.

The sinking or settling of the ground surface.

Government financial support that can lower a producer’s costs.

Farming mainly to produce food for the farmer and their family rather than for sale.

The gradual change in a community of organisms as species establish and alter environmental conditions, allowing other species to grow.

Water flowing across the ground surface towards a river or another lower area.

Water flowing over the ground surface towards streams and rivers.

Transportation in which fine particles are carried within flowing water.

Meeting present needs without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Managing a coastline to meet present needs while considering future costs, environmental protection and the needs of other communities and generations.

A place that supports people's needs, a viable local economy and the environment, both now and in the future.

United Nations goals agreed for the period 2015–2030 to improve social, economic and environmental development.

Managing an environment to meet present needs while maintaining its habitats, biodiversity and resources for the future.

Tourism that protects environmental quality over time, supports local communities and economic activity, and maintains the quality of visitors’ experiences.