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GCSE Geography · key term
An abnormal rise in sea level associated with a storm, which can flood coastal land.
Used by AQA and Edexcel
Specification 3.1.1.3 · Paper 1
A temporary rise in sea level associated with a storm, which can flood coastal areas.
Revise: Tropical Storms: Formation, Structure and Climate ChangeStrong winds also generate large waves and can drive a storm surge towards the coast.
An abnormal rise in sea level during a storm that can flood coastal land.
The Saffir–Simpson category measures wind intensity, not rainfall, storm surge or total damage.
Do not describe storm surge as simply a large wave. It is a storm-driven rise in sea level, with waves travelling on top.
Build a causal chain: rising sea level → a higher starting water level → storm surges reach further inland → greater flood damage.
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Specification 1.5, 2.6, 7A, 8.3 · Paper 1, Paper 3
A temporary rise in sea level associated with a storm, which can increase the risk of coastal flooding.
Revise: Human Impact on CoastsRising sea levels increase the risk, while storms can produce temporary rises in water level called storm surges. A surge coinciding with a high tide places more coastal land at risk.
An abnormal rise in sea level caused by a storm, mainly through winds pushing seawater towards the coast.
A temporary rise in sea level caused by a storm, which can increase coastal flooding, particularly when combined with a high tide.
An unusually high sea level caused by a storm’s winds and changes in atmospheric pressure.
Paper 1, Paper 2
A storm-driven rise in sea level above the level that would otherwise be expected, caused mainly by winds pushing seawater towards the coast.
Revise: Physical Hazards of Tropical CyclonesA tropical cyclone is a powerful rotating storm that develops over warm tropical seas. Its strong winds and heavy rainfall create several linked physical hazards: high winds, intense rainfall, storm surges, coastal flooding and landslides.
A rise in sea level associated with a storm, which can drive seawater onto coastal land.
A temporary rise in sea level caused by storm conditions, particularly strong winds pushing seawater towards the coast.