Edexcel GCSE Physical Education key terms

The distance from the fulcrum to the point where the load acts; also called the resistance arm.

A bone longer than it is wide or deep, which acts as a lever for movement. Examples include the femur and finger phalanges.

A skill whose parts can be separated and practised individually relatively easily.

The internal space of a blood vessel through which blood flows.

One of the two organs in the chest that contain the branching airways and air sacs involved in breathing and gas exchange.

A disease in which abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably.

A nutrient needed in relatively large amounts in the diet. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are macronutrients.

Guidance in which a coach or teacher physically moves or supports the performer’s body.

Continuous practice of a skill without planned rest intervals between attempts.

Deliberately arranging or manipulating a sporting result rather than allowing it to be decided by fair competition.

The estimated highest heart rate a performer can reach, calculated here as $220 - \text{age in years}$ and expressed in beats per minute.

A target with a numerical measure that allows progress and success to be assessed.

A force benefit produced when the effort arm is longer than the load arm, allowing a smaller effort to overcome a larger load.

An arrangement in which the effort arm is shorter than the load arm, requiring greater effort to overcome the load but benefiting movement speed and range.

Guidance provided by equipment that supports or helps move the performer.

Forms of communication that reach an audience, including television, radio, newspapers and digital platforms.

Using mental techniques to control emotions, manage stress and improve readiness for participation or performance.

Imagining yourself performing a skill successfully, or picturing a positive outcome, before attempting it.

A vitamin or mineral needed in small quantities for normal body functioning and health.

An imaginary line down the centre of the body, dividing it into left and right halves.

An inorganic nutrient needed for functions such as building strong bones or making haemoglobin.

The holding of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus, in bone tissue. These minerals contribute to bone strength and can be released into the blood when needed.

The volume of air breathed in or out each minute: $\text{minute ventilation} = \text{tidal volume} \times \text{breathing rate}$.

Controlled movement of joints through their range of movement.

Controlled movement that takes joints through their range of movement, such as shoulder circles.

Recording and reviewing progress while an exercise programme is taking place.

The drive or desire to take part, put in effort and achieve a goal.