Edexcel GCSE Mathematics key terms

A rectangular arrangement in which the row and column headings are combined to enumerate outcomes from two events or choices.

A branching diagram in which each route from the start to an endpoint represents one complete outcome of a multistage process.

A value that lies noticeably away from the main pattern of the data.

The value produced by a function.

A smooth, curved graph representing a quadratic function, such as $y=x^2-x-3$.

Straight lines that remain the same distance apart and never meet.

A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.

A ratio comparing one part of a quantity with another part.

A ratio comparing one part of a quantity with the complete quantity.

A metric unit of pressure equal to one newton per square metre.

A Latin expression meaning “for each year”; it indicates an annual rate.

A way of expressing a quantity as a number of parts per hundred.

The amount by which a quantity has risen or fallen, measured relative to its original value and expressed as a percentage.

An integer that can be written as $a^n$, where $a$ is an integer and $n$ is an integer greater than $1$; for example, $64=2^6=4^3=8^2$.

An expression such as $(x+p)^2$ obtained by multiplying the same linear expression by itself.

The distance around the outside boundary of a two-dimensional shape.

The horizontal length of one complete repetition of a graph.

Perpendicular lines meet at a right angle. Where their gradients are defined and non-zero, the gradients multiply to $-1$.

A line that crosses a line segment at its midpoint at a right angle. Every point on it is equidistant from the segment’s endpoints.

The length of the perpendicular from a point to a line; it is the shortest distance from the point to that line.

The shortest distance from a base to the opposite apex, measured at right angles to the base.

A line that meets another line at a right angle of 90°.

Lines that meet at a right angle.

A diagram that uses repeated symbols to represent frequencies according to a stated key.

A circular chart divided into sectors so that each sector represents a proportion of the whole data set.

The constant ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately $3.14159$.

The value of a digit determined by its position in a number.

A two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object seen directly from above.