AQA GCSE Chemistry key terms

A representation that shows every atom in a molecule and every bond between the atoms.

Substances dissolved in water which remain as a solid residue when the water is evaporated.

A separation process in which a liquid is evaporated and its vapour is then cooled and condensed.

A diagram that uses different symbols, usually dots and crosses, to distinguish electrons originally belonging to different atoms.

A diagram that uses dots and crosses to distinguish the outer-shell electrons contributed by different atoms, including electrons shared in bonds.

A shape formed by two chains wound around each other like a twisted ladder.

Able to be drawn out into a wire.

The state reached by a reversible reaction in a closed system when the forward and reverse reactions occur at exactly the same rate.

The formation of visible bubbles as a gas is produced in a liquid.

The liquid that remains above the settled sludge after sedimentation.

The ability of a material to allow electric charge to flow through it.

A material through which electrical charge can flow readily.

The movement of electrical charge through a material.

A conducting material through which charge enters or leaves an electrolyte; in a simple cell, the electrodes are two different metals.

The breakdown of an ionic substance by passing an electric current through it when molten or dissolved in water.

A conducting liquid containing mobile ions, which allows charge to move between the electrodes inside a cell.

A negatively charged particle occupying energy levels around an atom's nucleus.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom's occupied energy levels or shells.

The use of pairs of electrons by more than one atom, producing or rearranging covalent bonds.

A region around the nucleus containing electrons with a particular range of energy; also called an energy level.

The reduction in the attraction between the nucleus and an outer or incoming electron caused by electrons in inner shells.

The movement of one or more electrons from one atom to another.

Using electricity to deposit a thin coating of metal on an object.

A force of attraction between particles with opposite electric charges.

The force of attraction between particles with opposite electric charges.

The force of attraction between particles with opposite electric charges.

A pure substance made from atoms that all have the same number of protons.