AQA GCSE Chemistry

4.1.1 Atomic Model and Isotopes

• 4.1.1.1 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds 2 notes
  • Atoms, Elements and the Periodic Table
  • Compounds and Chemical Equations
• 4.1.1.2 Mixtures and Separation Techniques
• 4.1.1.3 History of the Atomic Model
• 4.1.1.4 Subatomic Particles
• 4.1.1.5 Atomic Size and Mass
• 4.1.1.6 Relative Atomic Mass
• 4.1.1.7 Electronic Structure

4.1.2 The Periodic Table

• 4.1.2.1 Periodic Table Organization
• 4.1.2.2 History of the Periodic Table
• 4.1.2.3 Metals and Non-Metals
• 4.1.2.4 Group 0 Noble Gases
• 4.1.2.5 Group 1 Alkali Metals
• 4.1.2.6 Group 7 Halogens 2 notes
  • Physical Properties and Halide Formation
  • Reactivity Trends and Displacement Reactions

4.1.3 Transition Metals

• 4.1.3.1 Comparison with Alkali Metals
• 4.1.3.2 Typical Transition Metal Properties

4.2.1 Bonding Types

• 4.2.1.1 Types of Chemical Bonds
• 4.2.1.2 Ionic Bonding Mechanism
• 4.2.1.3 Structure of Ionic Compounds
• 4.2.1.4 Covalent Bonding Mechanism
• 4.2.1.5 Metallic Bonding Mechanism

4.2.2 Structure and Properties

• 4.2.2.1 States of Matter
• 4.2.2.2 State Symbols
• 4.2.2.3 Ionic Compound Properties
• 4.2.2.4 Small Molecule Properties
• 4.2.2.5 Polymer Properties
• 4.2.2.6 Giant Covalent Structures
• 4.2.2.7 Metals and Alloys
• 4.2.2.8 Electrical and Thermal Conductivity

4.2.3 Carbon Structures

• 4.2.3.1 Diamond Structure and Properties
• 4.2.3.2 Graphite Structure and Properties
• 4.2.3.3 Graphene and Fullerenes

4.2.4 Nanoscience

• 4.2.4.1 Nanoparticle Dimensions
• 4.2.4.2 Applications of Nanoparticles

4.3.1 Conservation of Mass and Measurement

• 4.3.1.1 Conservation of Mass
• 4.3.1.2 Relative Formula Mass
• 4.3.1.3 Mass Changes in Gas Reactions
• 4.3.1.4 Measurement Uncertainty

4.3.2 Moles and Stoichiometry

• 4.3.2.1 The Mole Concept
• 4.3.2.2 Reacting Masses
• 4.3.2.3 Balancing Equations using Moles
• 4.3.2.4 Limiting Reactants
• 4.3.2.5 Solution Concentration

4.3.3 Yield and Atom Economy

• 4.3.3.1 Percentage Yield
• 4.3.3.2 Atom Economy

4.3.4 Molar Concentration

• Concentration in mol/dm3

• Gas Volumes

4.4.1 Metal Reactivity

• 4.4.1.1 Oxidation of Metals
• 4.4.1.2 The Reactivity Series
• 4.4.1.3 Metal Extraction
• 4.4.1.4 Redox and Electrons

4.4.2 Acid Reactions

• 4.4.2.1 Acids and Metals
• 4.4.2.2 Neutralisation and Salts
• 4.4.2.3 Preparation of Soluble Salts
• 4.4.2.4 pH Scale and Neutralisation
• 4.4.2.5 Titrations
• 4.4.2.6 Strong and Weak Acids

4.4.3 Electrolysis

• 4.4.3.1 Electrolysis Principles
• 4.4.3.2 Electrolysis of Molten Compounds
• 4.4.3.3 Electrolysis of Aluminium
• 4.4.3.4 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
• 4.4.3.5 Electrode Half Equations

4.5.1 Energy Changes in Reactions

• 4.5.1.1 Exothermic and Endothermic Processes
• 4.5.1.2 Reaction Profiles
• 4.5.1.3 Bond Energy Calculations

4.5.2 Cells and Batteries

• 4.5.2.1 Electrochemical Cells
• 4.5.2.2 Hydrogen Fuel Cells

4.6.1 Reaction Rates

• 4.6.1.1 Calculating Reaction Rates
• 4.6.1.2 Factors Affecting Rate
• 4.6.1.3 Collision Theory
• 4.6.1.4 Catalysts and Activation Energy

4.6.2 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

• 4.6.2.1 Reversible Reactions
• 4.6.2.2 Energy in Reversible Reactions
• 4.6.2.3 Dynamic Equilibrium
• 4.6.2.4 Le Chatelier's Principle
• 4.6.2.5 Concentration Effects on Equilibrium
• 4.6.2.6 Temperature Effects on Equilibrium
• 4.6.2.7 Pressure Effects on Equilibrium

4.7.1 Hydrocarbons and Crude Oil

• 4.7.1.1 Alkanes and Crude Oil
• 4.7.1.2 Fractional Distillation
• 4.7.1.3 Hydrocarbon Properties and Combustion
• 4.7.1.4 Cracking and Alkenes

4.7.2 Alkenes, Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

• 4.7.2.1 Alkene Structure
• 4.7.2.2 Alkene Reactions
• 4.7.2.3 Alcohol Properties and Uses
• 4.7.2.4 Carboxylic Acid Properties

4.7.3 Polymers

• 4.7.3.1 Addition Polymerisation
• 4.7.3.2 Condensation Polymerisation
• 4.7.3.3 Amino Acids and Polypeptides
• 4.7.3.4 DNA and Natural Polymers

4.8.1 Purity and Chromatography

• 4.8.1.1 Pure Substances
• 4.8.1.2 Formulations
• 4.8.1.3 Chromatography Techniques

4.8.2 Gas Tests

• 4.8.2.1 Test for Hydrogen
• 4.8.2.2 Test for Oxygen
• 4.8.2.3 Test for Carbon Dioxide
• 4.8.2.4 Test for Chlorine

4.8.3 Ion Identification

• 4.8.3.1 Flame Tests
• 4.8.3.2 Metal Hydroxide Tests
• 4.8.3.3 Test for Carbonates
• 4.8.3.4 Test for Halides
• 4.8.3.5 Test for Sulfates
• 4.8.3.6 Instrumental Analysis
• 4.8.3.7 Flame Emission Spectroscopy

4.9.1 Atmospheric Composition and History

• 4.9.1.1 Current Atmospheric Composition
• 4.9.1.2 The Early Atmosphere
• 4.9.1.3 Rise of Oxygen
• 4.9.1.4 Decline of Carbon Dioxide

4.9.2 Climate Change

• 4.9.2.1 Greenhouse Gases
• 4.9.2.2 Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Sources
• 4.9.2.3 Effects of Climate Change
• 4.9.2.4 Carbon Footprint Reduction

4.9.3 Atmospheric Pollutants

• 4.9.3.1 Pollutants from Combustion
• 4.9.3.2 Effects of Pollutants

4.10.1 Sustainable Resource Use

• 4.10.1.1 Sustainability and Finite Resources
• 4.10.1.2 Water Treatment and Potability
• 4.10.1.3 Waste Water Treatment
• 4.10.1.4 Alternative Metal Extraction

4.10.2 Life Cycle Assessment and Recycling

• 4.10.2.1 Life Cycle Assessments
• 4.10.2.2 Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

4.10.3 Material Properties

• 4.10.3.1 Corrosion and Prevention
• 4.10.3.2 Alloys
• 4.10.3.3 Ceramics, Polymers, and Composites

4.10.4 Fertiliser Production

• 4.10.4.1 The Haber Process
• 4.10.4.2 Production of NPK Fertilisers

Fundamental Principles

• Core Chemical Concepts 4 notes
  • Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
  • Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
  • Chemical Energetics and Kinetics
  • Classification of Chemical Reactions