Mathematics key terms

A pattern in which consecutive terms have a constant multiplicative ratio.

A reflection followed by a translation parallel to the mirror line, which cannot in general be replaced by a single reflection, rotation or translation.

The change in the vertical coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the horizontal coordinate.

A picture of the points whose coordinates satisfy an equation.

A representation of data that creates a false or distorted impression, for example through its scale, labels or visual design.

A value found from a graph rather than exactly by algebra, so its accuracy is limited by the scale and drawing.

The set of points representing a function on coordinate axes, usually written in the form $y=f(x)$.

A change to a graph's position or orientation according to a stated rule.

Data presented in classes or intervals rather than as individual values.

A change in which a quantity increases over time, often by the same proportion or percentage in each period.

The finishing point of a drawn vector, marked by the arrowhead.

An area equal to 10,000 square metres, commonly used for measuring land.

Half of a sphere, with one curved surface and one flat circular face.

The greatest factor shared by every term in an expression.

The greatest positive whole number that divides each of the given numbers exactly.

A diagram for grouped numerical data in which class intervals form touching bars and each bar's area represents its frequency.

One of one hundred equal parts of a whole; the second place to the right of the decimal point.

The longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite its right angle.

An equality that is true for every permissible value of its variables; it is often written using $\equiv$.

A statement meaning that each of two conditions implies the other, so both directions must be true.

The shape produced by a transformation.

An event that cannot happen; its probability is 0.

A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, such as $\frac{9}{4}$.

The angle formed by the two sides being used in the area formula.

The angle between two specified sides, or the side between two specified angles.

A point represented by a filled circle because its value is part of the solution set.

An inequality using $\leqslant$ or $\geqslant$, in which the boundary value is included.

Tax paid on taxable income, such as earnings.

Events for which the occurrence of one does not change the probability of the other.

A small raised number showing a power; for example, the index $2$ in $x^2$ means that $x$ is multiplied by itself.