History key terms

Services organised or funded by the state for the public, such as healthcare, education and public transport.

Government-funded construction schemes, such as roads, bridges and public buildings, which provide employment and improve infrastructure.

An attraction that encourages people to move to a place, such as available work or greater safety.

Factors that attract people to a destination, such as safety, family connections or employment.

Using government spending to create employment and income, encouraging spending on goods and helping businesses recover.

Military actions intended to punish opposition and discourage further resistance, such as destroying settlements or supplies.

A ruler who holds a recognised title but whose decisions and authority are controlled by another power.

A state that is formally separate but is controlled by another country.

In medieval Catholic belief, a state of purification after death before entering heaven.

The removal of people regarded as opponents or threats from an organisation or regime, often through imprisonment or killing.

Using medicines to cause vomiting or empty the bowels, historically intended to remove excess humours.

A Protestant who wanted further reform of the English Church to remove practices considered too similar to Catholicism.

A Protestant movement seeking to remove remaining Catholic-style practices from the Church of England and make its worship and organisation more thoroughly Protestant.

Protestants who wanted further reform of the English Church and greater emphasis on godly behaviour.

The Crown’s power to obtain supplies and transport for royal needs, including compelling suppliers to sell goods at fixed prices.

A condition that encourages people to leave a place, such as unemployment, famine or persecution.

Factors that drive people to leave a place, such as persecution, war or loss of livelihood.

An attempt to overthrow a government by force.

The selling of supposed cures through misleading claims, often by unqualified people seeking profit.

The four mathematical subjects traditionally studied together: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music.

A member of a Christian religious movement whose beliefs include peace, justice and the equality of all people.

Members of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian religious movement. They are also called Friends.

Separating people who may carry an infectious disease from others for a period of time.

An area where livestock movements were restricted to prevent the spread of disease.

Meetings of local Justices of the Peace held four times a year to hear cases and conduct local judicial business.

A structure beside water where vessels can load and unload people and goods.

A required amount of output to be produced or delivered.

Latin for ‘by what warrant’: inquiries requiring holders of privileges to show the authority by which they exercised them.

A Jewish religious teacher and leader.

Unfair treatment of people because of their perceived race or ethnic background.