History key terms

A period of rapid growth in economic activity, including production, sales and business profits.

A severe, prolonged economic downturn involving falling production and trade, business failures and widespread unemployment.

Unequal treatment based on race that affects access to jobs, pay, housing or other economic opportunities.

An effect on employment, production, trade, income or wealth.

The use of economic power to extend influence over other countries. Soviet leaders used this accusation against the Marshall Plan.

Factors connected with work, trade, wealth, skills and the demand for labour.

A person who moves from one country to another mainly to improve their economic circumstances, such as by finding work or earning higher wages.

The rapid growth of West German production, employment and prosperity during the 1950s.

Money, labour, land, raw materials and other assets used to produce wealth or sustain power.

Restrictions on trade or financial dealings intended to pressure a country into changing its behaviour.

The production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, including employment, trade and money.

A formal order or announcement issued by a magistrate.

Edward I’s order of 18 July 1290 requiring Jewish people to leave England by 1 November.

A French royal decree that granted religious toleration to Huguenots; Louis XIV revoked it in 1685.

The early twentieth-century period associated with the reign of Edward VII, who ruled Britain from 1901 to 1910.

The European Economic Community: an organisation promoting economic cooperation and a common market, which Britain joined in 1973.

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to investigate and tackle discrimination in employment.

The principle that a colonial power needed to establish authority in a territory to support its claim against rival powers, rather than merely raise a flag.

Nazi mobile killing units that carried out mass shootings, particularly of Jews, in occupied Eastern Europe.

An agreement between parties about which candidates will stand, intended to avoid dividing their supporters' votes.

The people entitled to vote in an election.

A system that transmitted electrical signals along wires, allowing messages to travel rapidly over long distances.

A test that records the heart’s electrical activity and can help identify an irregular heartbeat.

The wealthy or powerful members of a society, such as landowners and former tribal ruling families.

A commemorative account praising a person's career and achievements; the plural is elogia.

Regulations introduced by Wolsey in 1526 to reduce spending and improve the organisation of Henry VIII’s royal household.

The freeing of people from slavery.

Lincoln’s declaration, effective from 1 January 1863, that enslaved people in designated areas in rebellion against the United States were free. It did not abolish slavery throughout the country.

A ban on trade with a particular country. The 1973 oil embargo banned petroleum exports to selected countries that supported Israel.

A mission undertaken by a representative to negotiate or conduct important business with another ruler.