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GCSE History · key term
The institutions and rules through which a state is governed.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Paper 2
A set of fundamental rules defining how a country is governed and how political power is organised.
Revise: Right to RepresentationThe revolutionaries created republican governments, first in individual states and later through a national constitution. A republic had no hereditary monarch: public power rested instead in political institutions and representatives. This did not mean everyone could vote, but it offered a powerful alternative to rule by a king.
Paper 3
A set of fundamental rules describing how a state is governed and the rights its citizens are supposed to have.
Revise: Propaganda and CensorshipA constitution sets out a state’s fundamental rules and citizens’ rights. The new Soviet Constitution became law on 5 December 1936, replacing the Constitution of 1924. The government presented it as evidence that socialism had been achieved and that the Soviet Union protected its citizens.
The rules setting out how a country is governed, including the powers of its institutions and the rights of its people.
Paper 1
The laws, institutions and established arrangements through which a state is governed.
Revise: The Nature and Structure of Peisistratid RuleThe tyrants did not simply abolish the constitution and replace every institution with a new one.
The laws and arrangements through which a state is governed and political power is organised.
The rules and institutions through which a state is governed and political power is distributed.
Paper 3
A set of rules establishing how a country is governed, including the powers and relationships of its governing institutions.
Revise: Cromwell and the Parliaments (1649–1658)The Protectorate was an attempt to create a more durable settlement, but its constitution originated with army officers rather than an elected Parliament.
A set of rules establishing the institutions of government, their powers and their relationships.
For the 1936 Constitution, contrast specific promises with practice: freedom of the press with censorship, freedom of worship with religious persecution, and secret ballots with Party-controlled candidates.
For the Humble Petition and Advice, distinguish Cromwell’s rejection of the crown from his acceptance of the revised constitution.
Distinguish the Instrument of Government, a national constitution introduced in 1653, from the regional military rule of the Major-Generals introduced in 1655.
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