Citizenship Studies key terms

A document setting out a political party’s policies and promises to voters before an election.

Support for which eligibility depends on an assessment of financial circumstances, such as income and savings.

Forms of communication used to share information and ideas with an audience, including newspapers, television, radio, websites and social media.

Help from a third party that enables opposing sides to negotiate an agreement.

An elected member of the House of Commons who represents a constituency.

An elected representative who serves in the House of Commons and represents a constituency.

A particular technique used to research an issue, carry out action or assess its effects, such as an interview, petition or questionnaire.

The movement of people from one place to another to live.

The lowest hourly pay an employer is legally allowed to pay an eligible worker; the applicable rate depends on the legal category.

A political office-holder responsible for an area of government policy and accountable to Parliament for their work.

A name used for some government departments, such as the Ministry of Defence; it is not a separate level of government.

False or inaccurate information that is shared, whether or not the person sharing it intends to deceive.

A circumstance that may justify a less severe sentence, such as remorse or difficult personal circumstances.

A system in which the position of monarch is held by a king or queen.

A bill certified by the Commons Speaker as dealing only with specified financial matters, such as national taxation or public spending. The Lords can delay it for only one month.

A duty based on ideas about right and wrong rather than a legal requirement, such as helping neighbours.

An expectation of how someone should be treated, based on beliefs about right and wrong rather than necessarily on law.

A Member of Parliament: an elected representative who holds a seat in the House of Commons.

A society in which people from different cultural backgrounds live together.

An electoral area that elects more than one representative.

Having several aspects of identity at the same time, such as being a student, a Muslim, a Manchester resident and British.

Treating one another with consideration and recognising one another's dignity, feelings and rights, despite differences.

Listening to and learning about one another’s views, cultures and experiences so that people can live and work together respectfully.

The government's total outstanding borrowing.

The central government responsible for governing a country and developing national policies.

A sense of belonging to a country or nation, often connected with its history, culture, traditions or institutions.

Contributions paid by working people and employers, linked to earnings and helping finance benefits and other public spending.