Chemistry key terms

The product that the reaction is intended to make.

The removal of sulfur or sulfur compounds from a fuel or from gases produced when the fuel burns.

The distance from one side of an object to the other through its centre.

A particle or molecule made from two atoms; elemental halogens exist as diatomic molecules such as $Cl_2$.

A molecule containing two atoms joined by a covalent bond.

An organic compound containing two bromine atoms and only single bonds between its carbon atoms.

A carboxylic acid molecule containing two carboxylic acid groups, $\mathrm{-COOH}$.

Describes a solution containing a relatively small amount of dissolved substance for its volume.

A solution containing a relatively small amount of dissolved acid per unit volume.

A solution containing a relatively small amount of dissolved substance per unit volume.

A measurable extent of an object, such as its length, width or diameter.

An alcohol molecule containing two alcohol groups, $\mathrm{-OH}$.

An electric current that flows in one direction.

A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor multiplies the other quantity by the same factor; its graph is a straight line through the origin.

A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor multiplies the other by the same factor.

The conversion of an ion into a substance at an electrode during electrolysis.

A reaction in which a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal in a compound.

A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound.

A representation that shows every atom in a molecule and every bond between the atoms.

The separation or splitting of a substance into ions in solution.

To mix with a liquid so that the substance's particles become dispersed throughout the liquid.

Substances dissolved in water which remain as a solid residue when the water is evaporated.

The liquid collected after vapour has been cooled and condensed during distillation.

A separation process in which a liquid is evaporated and its vapour is then cooled and condensed.

The way a substance divides itself between the mobile and stationary phases according to its relative attraction to each one.

How a substance is shared between the stationary and mobile phases as chromatography takes place.

A diagram that uses dots and crosses to distinguish the outer-shell electrons contributed by different atoms, including electrons shared in bonds.

A covalent bond containing two shared pairs of electrons.

A bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

A shape formed by two chains wound around each other like a twisted ladder.