Key terms & definitions

A written record of burials in a parish, which can provide evidence about deaths during an epidemic.

A wooden splint that has been lit and still has a flame.

A thin piece of wood with a flame at one end, used to test for hydrogen gas.

A process that selectively destroys one fibre in a blended fabric, leaving the other fibre to form a patterned, finer structure.

A Muslim garment covering the body and face, usually with a mesh panel over the eyes.

An unwanted raised or sharp edge left by a cutting or machining process.

A small fluid-filled sac near a joint that cushions tissues and reduces friction during movement. The plural is bursae.

A collection of wires through which data or signals are transmitted from one component to another.

An organisation that combines resources to provide goods or services to meet customers’ needs and wants.

The activities involved in producing and providing goods or services to meet customers’ needs and wants.

A broad, usually long-term goal that a business wants to achieve.

An energy future in which existing patterns broadly continue, with oil and gas remaining major sources of energy.

The exchange of information between people within a business or between a business and people outside it.

Growth or improvement in a business, such as introducing products, adopting technology or expanding its activities.

A person or organisation that provides goods or services to meet customer needs.

The moral principles concerning fairness, honesty and right or wrong that guide business decisions.

An increase in the scale of a business’s activities, such as its sales, output or number of locations.

When a business cannot continue operating and stops trading.

Money available to fund a business’s activities, such as starting up, paying day-to-day expenses or expanding.

An increase in the size of a business, often shown by rising sales or expansion into additional markets.

Spending by a business on assets, such as machinery or premises, intended to provide future benefits.

The place where a business operates, such as a shop, office or factory.

A specific target that a business aims to achieve, often with a measurable outcome and a deadline.

The processes a business uses to transform resources into goods or services for customers.

The legal structure of a business, which determines who owns it and how ownership is organised.

An area of land containing a cluster of businesses, often on the edge of an urban area.

A written document describing a business, its objectives, how it intends to operate and develop, and its financial forecasts.

Deciding in advance what a business will do and how it will organise its activities to achieve its aims and objectives.

A tax on non-domestic properties, such as shops, offices and factories, which contributes to local government funding.

The achievement of positive business outcomes, such as growth, excellent products or services, recognition and owner satisfaction.