Key terms & definitions

A document an employer must provide to employees and workers recording their main employment conditions. It is not itself an employment contract.

The Women’s Social and Political Union, led by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, whose suffragette campaign used increasingly militant tactics.

Ritual washing carried out to attain the state of purity needed for prayer.

The horizontal number line in a Cartesian coordinate system.

The horizontal axis of a graph, usually showing the categories being compared or the variable being changed, such as time.

The horizontal reference axis on a graph.

An inherited relationship of hospitality and reciprocal obligations between households, which can extend across generations.

Hostility towards people regarded as foreign.

Fear, hostility or prejudice towards people regarded as foreign or outsiders.

A plant adapted to survive where water is scarce.

The point where a graph crosses or meets the $x$-axis; its $y$-coordinate is zero.

A disorder caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome.

Exclusive OR: a logical operation that produces 1 when exactly one of two inputs is 1. Written using a circled plus: $A\oplus B$.

A two-input gate that outputs 1 when its inputs are different and 0 when they are the same.

A form of radiation used to produce images of internal body structures, particularly bones.

High-frequency electromagnetic radiation between ultraviolet and gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. X-rays can penetrate the body and ionise atoms in tissues.

Radiation used to produce images of structures inside the body, helping doctors locate injuries and plan treatment.

High-frequency electromagnetic radiation that can pass through some materials and is absorbed more strongly by others.

Plant transport tissue made of hollow, lignin-strengthened tubes that carry water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves.

Plant transport tissue made of hollow tubes strengthened by lignin, carrying water and mineral ions from roots to stems and leaves.

A long conducting tube formed from dead xylem vessel elements joined end to end.

A pointer used to follow the words when reading a Torah scroll without touching the parchment; its Hebrew name means ‘hand’.

The annual anniversary of a person’s death, marked through remembrance, prayers and traditionally a candle burning for 24 hours.

Sacrifice or offering; it can also be understood as unselfish action dedicated to the divine and the good of all.

A continuous thread made from fibres, used to make fabrics by processes such as weaving or knitting.

A category describing the thickness of yarn, such as DK, aran or chunky; it is not simply the mass of a ball of yarn.

The Day of Judgement, when everyone will be resurrected and judged by Allah.

The vertical number line in a Cartesian coordinate system.

The vertical axis of a graph, usually showing the measured value or number.

The vertical reference axis on a graph.