Key terms & definitions

A mathematical statement that has been proved and can be used to justify further deductions.

The four connected areas used to study media: media language, media representations, media industries and media audiences.

The greatest mass of a product predicted from the balanced equation, assuming the reaction proceeds completely and no product is lost.

The mass of product calculated from a balanced equation, assuming the specified reactant reacts completely and all of that product is obtained.

An approach that uses a set of ideas to explain how society works.

A probability calculated from a model of the possible outcomes, rather than from results collected in an experiment.

The probability calculated from a mathematical model rather than observed results. For a fair coin, the theoretical probability of heads is $\frac{1}{2}$.

An explanation of how suffering can exist alongside Allah’s compassion, rather than an action that directly relieves suffering.

An explanation that attempts to reconcile suffering with belief in an all-powerful, good God.

A value predicted from a model or equation rather than obtained by measuring the result of an actual experiment.

The maximum amount of product predicted from the balanced equation, assuming the relevant reactant forms the expected product without losses.

The maximum calculated mass of product obtainable from the available reactants, assuming complete reaction.

Public money used to help poorer Athenians pay for attendance at theatrical festivals.

The scientific explanation that living things change over many generations, with natural selection helping to shape that change.

Galen’s approach to treatment: use qualities opposite to those associated with the humour believed to be causing illness.

The explanation that remembering involves rebuilding an account from stored information, influenced by existing knowledge and expectations, rather than replaying an exact recording.

The belief that health depended on balancing four bodily fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.

The production of an embryo with the same genes as a patient so that embryonic stem cells can be obtained for medical treatment without rejection by that patient’s body.

Producing an embryo with the same genes as a patient so that its stem cells can be used for treatment without being rejected by the patient’s body.

A Buddhist tradition known as the ‘school of the elders’, which explains human personality through the Five Aggregates.

A Roman bath complex, especially a large public establishment combining bathing with exercise and leisure facilities.

The transfer of energy from a hotter region to a cooler region through a material, without the material flowing as a whole.

A property indicating how readily a material transfers energy by conduction; a higher value means a higher rate of transfer through the material under the same conditions.

The ability of a material to transfer energy through itself by heating.

How readily a material transfers heat through itself.

A material through which thermal energy is transferred readily.

A material that transfers energy readily by heating through conduction.

A reaction in which heat causes one substance to break down into two or more substances.

A reaction in which a substance breaks down into simpler substances when heated.

The energy associated with the random motion and arrangement of particles in a substance.