Key terms & definitions

A model that divides network communication into four layers: application, transport, internet and link.

A teacher’s belief about how a pupil is likely to behave or perform academically.

Beliefs teachers hold about how pupils are likely to behave or achieve.

A discussion meeting used to explore a political issue and encourage informed participation, particularly among students.

An employee who guides a team's work, allocates tasks and monitors progress towards its targets.

Working with others towards a shared goal, with individuals contributing to the group's performance.

A corruption scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall secretly gave private companies access to government oil reserves in return for bribes.

A Christian charity founded in 1968 that works through churches and partner organisations to tackle poverty, respond to emergencies and support long-term development.

A unit of data equal to 1024 GiB, or $2^{40}$ bytes. Its symbol is TiB.

Expert advice, training or knowledge transfer provided to strengthen skills, organisations or policies.

A production technique used to communicate meaning, such as camera angle, editing or sound.

A reduction in average unit cost because operating on a larger scale allows a business to use more efficient machinery or technology.

Information describing a component’s operating requirements and characteristics, such as its voltage, current, dimensions and output.

A fabric engineered primarily to provide a particular functional performance, such as electrical conductivity or protection from heat.

A weakness in software or a digital system that an attacker can exploit.

The method and body positioning used to perform an exercise or sporting movement.

A new or improved practical product, process or technique developed using knowledge and skills.

A new or improved practical application of scientific knowledge, such as a product, process or device.

The practical use of scientific knowledge to meet a need or solve a problem.

Developments in technology, such as the internet or mobile phones, which can change social life.

The technologies available when a film is made and how they influence its production and, sometimes, its story.

The bringing together of previously separate media functions or technologies, allowing a device such as a smartphone to play music, show videos and support social interaction.

Tools, equipment and practical processes used to carry out tasks or apply knowledge.

The application of scientific knowledge to develop useful products, processes or systems.

The use of tools, equipment and digital systems to carry out tasks or improve products and processes.

The application of scientific knowledge, equipment and digital systems to support activities such as training, officiating and watching sport.

The development of a product driven by an advance in technology, materials or processes, rather than by an existing customer demand.

Movement and deformation of the Earth’s crust associated with moving tectonic plates.

An earthquake or volcanic eruption that could harm people, property or infrastructure.

A large, rigid section of Earth’s lithosphere, made up of crust and the uppermost mantle.