Key terms & definitions

The reading platform or area in a synagogue from which the Torah is read aloud.

A hospital in the medieval Islamic world, where patients could receive medical treatment as well as care.

Containing only two different elements.

A system of representation using only two digits, 0 and 1.

The process of finding the total of two or more numbers written in binary.

A pattern of bits, using only 0 and 1, that represents a value such as a pixel’s colour.

A compound made from two different elements.

A compound containing just two different elements.

A type of simple cell division in which one bacterial cell divides to form two daughter cells.

The process by which a bacterial cell divides to produce two cells.

An ionic compound containing only two different elements, usually a metal and a non-metal.

An ionic compound containing just two different elements.

A pair of contrasting ideas, such as light and darkness, whose relationship helps shape meaning.

A contrast between opposing ideas or groups, such as youth and adulthood, that helps structure meanings and conflict.

A contrast between opposing ideas or groups that helps organise a narrative’s conflicts and meanings.

A prefix that represents a power of 2 rather than a power of 10, such as kibi for $2^{10}$.

An algorithm that searches sorted data by checking the middle item and repeatedly discarding the half in which the target cannot occur.

An operation that moves every bit in a binary number the same number of positions left or right.

A sequence of bits, each of which is 0 or 1.

A branching structure in which each node has at most two children. In a Huffman tree, each internal node has two children.

A strip of fabric folded around a raw edge to enclose and protect it.

Holding a loose or wet food mixture together so that it can retain its shape during preparation and cooking.

Information about depth and distance that requires both eyes working together.

An algebraic expression consisting of exactly two unlike terms joined by addition or subtraction, such as $x+3$ or $2x-5$.

A probability distribution for the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials, each classified as success or failure, with the same probability of success.

Writing a power of a two-term expression as a sum of terms by multiplying out its repeated brackets.

A universal system in which each species is given a two-part scientific name consisting of its genus and species.

A system giving each species a two-part scientific name consisting of its genus name followed by a species-identifying word.

The gradual increase in the amount of a substance within organisms over time.

The capacity of biologically productive land and sea to regenerate resources and absorb wastes counted in ecological-footprint accounting.