Key terms & definitions

The income received by an organisation or business, for example from ticket sales, broadcasting deals or product sales.

A major reversal in a character’s situation or fortunes. The trial reverses Shylock’s position from claimant to someone facing punishment.

The back face of a coin, often carrying a symbolic image or message.

The bearing for travelling in the opposite direction along the same line; it differs from the original bearing by $180^\circ$.

The connection of a diode in the direction in which it has a very high resistance and allows almost no current to flow.

A linkage that produces output movement in the opposite direction to its input movement.

A desalination process in which pressure forces water through a filtering membrane that separates it from dissolved salts.

A desalination process in which pressure forces water through a partially permeable membrane while dissolved salts are retained.

A membrane process in which pressure forces water through a partially permeable membrane, separating it from dissolved salts.

A calculation that works backwards from a final value and a percentage change to find the original value.

The reaction in which products re-form the original reactants.

The reaction that converts products back into the original reactants, read from right to left in a chemical equation.

The slope behind a ridge, away from the enemy, which can shelter troops from observation and direct artillery fire.

The loss of training-related fitness improvements when training stops or is reduced sufficiently.

The ability to mentally reverse an action or sequence of events.

A change that can be undone so that the original material and its properties are recovered.

A change that can be undone to restore the original material.

A reaction in which the products can react to form the original reactants.

A reaction in which products can react to form the original reactants, so the reaction can occur in both directions.

A piece of writing that describes and evaluates a book, film, event, place, product or experience, helping readers decide what to think or whether to try it.

A parliamentary chamber that examines proposed legislation and considers amendments. The House of Lords performs this role at Westminster.

A person accused by Maoists of changing or weakening revolutionary communist principles, especially by favouring policies they considered capitalist.

An interpretation challenging the orthodox view, placing greater responsibility on American policies and ambitions, particularly the expansion of US economic influence.

An interpretation which challenges an established view; in the appeasement debate, usually a more sympathetic assessment of Chamberlain’s choices and the constraints he faced.

A new production of a play that has been performed before.

The renewal and strengthening of Christian faith and commitment within a community.

A person who seeks to renew religious commitment and increase church attendance.

A preacher who seeks to renew religious commitment, often by urging listeners to repent and experience a personal conversion.

Al-Ghazali’s major work, also called Ihya’ ‘ulum al-din, which teaches ethical and spiritual development through both understanding and practice.

An open rebellion against the authority of a ruler or government.