Key terms & definitions

The raising of the dead to life. Traditional Jewish belief includes the restoration of bodily life, not simply the continued existence of the soul.

A business that sells goods to final consumers, usually in quantities suitable for personal or household use.

The sale of goods to consumers, through physical shops or online.

A group of large retail stores at or near the edge of a town or city, usually with extensive parking and good road access.

A weighted index tracking changes in retail prices across a range of goods and services.

EU-derived law kept in UK law after withdrawal to provide continuity, rather than removing all such rules immediately.

Profit kept in a business rather than distributed to its owners, which can be used to finance business activity.

A person attached to a noble’s service who could provide support, including military service, in return for rewards and protection.

People attached to a powerful person’s household or service.

Responding to harm or an attack by taking action against those responsible.

Responding to a perceived wrong with an action against the person thought responsible; in sport, this can involve a violent act of revenge.

The time between injecting a sample into a gas chromatograph and a component producing its maximum detector response.

The time taken for a substance to pass through a gas chromatography column and reach the detector.

Reconsidering the need for a product and how it is designed, made, used and disposed of to reduce its environmental impact.

A lightly protected gladiator armed with a net, trident and dagger, whose fighting style depended on keeping an opponent at a distance.

Restraint or reluctance in revealing information, feelings or thoughts. In fiction, it can characterise a speaker and leave important matters unexplained.

A network in the brainstem involved in regulating alertness and arousal.

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, containing receptors that detect light intensity and colour.

The difference between the images received by the left and right retinas, which the brain uses to judge depth.

The image formed by light falling on the light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye.

A form of vitamin A found in animal foods.

Teaching existing employees new skills so they can carry out changed tasks, such as using a new computer system.

A period spent away from everyday routines to concentrate on prayer, reflection and spiritual growth.

Merton’s response in which an individual abandons both conventional success goals and the approved means of achieving them.

A coastal policy that allows the shoreline to move inland in a planned way, also called managed retreat or managed realignment.

Punishing an offender because they are considered to deserve punishment for the harm they have caused.

Punishment or suffering understood as a consequence of wrongdoing. Godfrey sees his childless home as retribution for abandoning Eppie.

Punishment imposed because an offender deserves to be punished for the wrong they have committed.

An approach to justice that gives wrongdoers an appropriate punishment for their actions.

Finding information in the relevant part of a text.