Key terms & definitions

A sample selected so that each member of the population has an equal chance of inclusion.

Selecting samples by chance so that each eligible person or location has an equal chance of selection.

Selection in which each eligible member of a population or defined group has an equal chance of being chosen.

Choosing sample locations by chance rather than personal preference, to reduce selection bias.

Selecting members of a population by chance rather than by personal choice. In simple random sampling, every member has an equal probability of selection.

Selecting participants by chance so that each member of the sampling frame has an equal chance of selection.

Selecting participants so that every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen.

A numerical quantity whose value depends on the outcome of a random experiment. In a binomial model, $X$ counts successes.

Differences between experimental results caused naturally by chance.

Differences in results that arise by chance, even when an experiment is fair.

The difference between the greatest and smallest values in a dataset.

The largest value in a set minus the smallest value.

The difference between the highest and lowest retained measurements in a set.

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a set of measurements.

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of results.

The greatest value minus the least value; it measures the overall spread of a data set.

The maximum distance over which a connection's signal can reach and provide communication.

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset.

A measure of dispersion calculated by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score.

A mark on a graph showing the spread or uncertainty associated with a plotted value; its meaning must be stated.

A vertical line on a graph extending from the lowest to the highest repeat measurement at one value of the independent variable.

A line drawn through a plotted position from the smallest to the largest repeat reading, showing their spread as an indication of uncertainty.

A check that a value lies within specified lower and upper limits.

The extent of movement available at a joint.

The span from the lowest value to the highest value of a variable that is investigated.

The span from the lowest to the highest value of a variable tested or measured.

A gradual change in the distribution of a species, often because environmental conditions in different places have changed.

An armed conflict between rival groups over ranching interests, land or control of local business.

A colourful decorative pattern placed on the ground or doorstep, including at Diwali to welcome visitors and Lakshmi.

The colourful celebration on the day following Holika Dahan, when people throw coloured powder and water.