Range

The half-range describes the spread found in these repeats. A small half-range means the results cluster closely around their mean; a large half-range signals poorer repeatability. It does not prove that the true value lies inside the interval, nor does a small range prove accuracy: results can cluster closely but all be shifted from the true value by the same systematic problem.

The small range of repeats 1–3 is evidence of precision: the results are close to one another. Repeating the titration and checking the range gives more confidence that the chosen mean is representative. A wide range suggests the end point or a volume reading has been judged inconsistently.