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GCSE Mathematics · key term
The natural differences between experimental results caused by chance.
Used by Edexcel
Specification P3, P5 · Paper 1, Paper 2, Paper 3
Revise: Relative Expected FrequenciesRandom variation remains possible.
Differences between experimental results caused naturally by chance.
Use words such as “estimate”, “expected” and “approximately” for predictions. Random variation means the actual number need not equal the expected number.
Expected results are predictions, not guarantees. Actual frequencies can differ because of random variation.
If asked to justify which result gives the best estimate, identify the larger sample size and link it to reduced random variation.
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