Key terms & definitions

Catching fish faster than their populations can replace themselves through reproduction.

A condition in which a numerical result is too large to be represented using the available bits.

An error occurring when a calculation produces a result too large to be represented using the number of bits available.

Grazing that removes vegetation faster than it can regrow.

The general running costs of a business, such as rent and utilities.

An indirect expense of running production that cannot be attributed solely to one particular product.

Water flowing across the ground surface towards a river, also called surface runoff.

Outcomes that belong to both of two events.

Placing geographical layers over one another so that their locations and relationships can be compared.

Placing greater stress than normal on the body during exercise training.

A sewing machine that encloses fabric edges in thread to prevent fraying, and can sew, trim and neaten a seam in one operation.

Machine stitching that wraps threads around a fabric edge, usually while trimming it; suitable setups can also join fabric layers.

A superior ruler who claims authority over another ruler, including a right to demand loyalty and service.

Producing more goods or crops than buyers are willing or able to purchase at a profitable price.

A character whose ambition pushes beyond human or moral limits, bringing destructive consequences.

Having a larger share of a particular population, such as prisoners, than of the wider population used for comparison.

A parish official responsible for collecting the poor rate and organising assistance for the poor.

The relocation of people from an overcrowded city to housing outside it.

A Rastafarian term for understanding beyond the surface: seeing the bigger picture with strength, positivity and respect.

Keeping more animals on an area of land than its grazing can support.

A situation in which the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the current price.

Industrial action in which workers refuse to work additional hours beyond their normal working hours.

Observation in which the people being studied know that research is taking place.

An observation in which the researcher is open about observing participants, who know they are being studied.

Water flowing over the top of a river bank or flood defence because the water level has risen above it.

Excessive exercise without adequate rest and recovery, leading to fatigue, reduced performance and increased injury risk.

An injury caused by repeated stress on a part of the body over time.

An overall judgement about the question's focus which gives an answer a clear direction.

An understanding of the overall effect of an extract, connecting its details and developments rather than treating each quotation separately.

Having body weight above the recommended range for a person's height.