Key terms & definitions

Poor Law assistance given to people living in their own homes rather than in an institution.

The liquid layer of the Earth's core surrounding the solid inner core.

The liquid, iron-rich layer of Earth's core surrounding its solid inner core.

A side or curve that lies on the exposed outside boundary of a shape.

An electron in the outermost occupied shell of an atom; it is the electron involved when a Group 1 atom forms a positive ion.

An electron in the outermost occupied shell of an atom. Outer electrons determine how an atom takes part in chemical reactions.

The highest occupied electron energy level in an atom; its electrons are involved in chemical reactions and bonding.

The electrons in an atom's highest occupied electron shell; these are the electrons lost when the positive ions considered here form.

The function applied to the result of the inner function. In $f(g(x))$, the outer function is $f$.

The occupied energy level furthest from the nucleus.

The highest occupied electron shell of an atom; its electrons strongly influence the atom's chemical reactions.

An electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom; these electrons have the greatest influence on its chemical behaviour.

The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom; these are involved in chemical reactions.

The enclosing structure that contains another selection structure or loop.

To move around the side of an enemy formation so that it can be attacked from the side or rear.

Moving troops around the side of an enemy formation to attack a position less protected than its front.

The release of gases from inside the Earth, including through volcanic activity.

A person declared outside the protection of the law.

An observation that lies unusually far from the general pattern of the data.

A value that lies noticeably away from the overall pattern of the other data points.

A result that lies noticeably away from the pattern formed by the other data.

A result that lies noticeably away from the pattern formed by the other data.

A result that is markedly different from the other results obtained under the same conditions.

A point noticeably away from the general pattern of the other points.

An extreme data value that does not fit the general pattern of the other values.

A score unusually far from the other scores in a dataset.

A calculated limit beyond which a data value is classified as an outlier using a chosen rule.

Fruit or vegetables sold at a time when they would not normally be harvested locally.

A shopping development outside the traditional town or city centre, often with large shop units, road access and parking.

The value produced by a function after its rule is applied to an input.