Key terms & definitions

A logic gate whose output is HIGH when at least one input is HIGH.

The clockwise or anticlockwise order of the vertices around a shape; a reflection reverses this order.

The origin is the point $(0,0)$ where the coordinate axes meet.

The quantity from which a fraction, percentage or percentage change is calculated.

A new business concept or invention rather than a modification of an existing product, service or idea.

The belief that humanity inherits a fallen condition and a tendency to sin, traditionally traced to Adam and Eve’s disobedience.

The starting value used as the basis for calculating a change; in a comparison over time, this is the value at the earlier date.

The value before a percentage change was applied.

The pencil line on which samples are placed at the start of paper chromatography.

The pencil line on chromatography paper where the samples are placed before separation begins; also called the baseline.

A story explaining someone’s beginnings; in superhero comics, it often explains how a hero acquired their powers.

A story that explains the supposed origin of a name, custom, institution or place.

Decorative outward display. Bassanio uses the word to describe attractive appearances that can conceal danger or wrongdoing.

A female hairdresser in Roman society, often enslaved, who arranged and maintained a woman’s hair.

A child whose parents have both died. Jane’s orphanhood leaves her dependent on relatives for a home and protection.

The eastern Christian tradition associated with the Patriarch of Constantinople, distinct from the western Catholic Church headed by the pope.

An interpretation of the Cold War’s origins that places the main responsibility on Soviet expansion and presents American policy as a defensive response.

A Jewish tradition that emphasises maintaining traditional interpretations of Jewish law and practice.

The established critical interpretation that appeasement was a serious misjudgement which failed to prevent war.

A drawing showing separate, aligned two-dimensional views of an object, such as its front, side and plan.

A flat view formed by looking straight towards a solid, without making more distant parts appear smaller.

A drawing method using separate flat views, usually front, plan and side, to describe the shape and dimensions of a three-dimensional object.

A flat drawing in which points on a 3D object are viewed straight from one direction, without perspective.

A changing current that repeatedly reverses or varies in size and can produce radio waves.

Repeated back-and-forth movement through an angle about a pivot.

Repeated back-and-forth movement along an arc around a fixed pivot.

A repeated movement or change about a central position or value.

A repeated change or back-and-forth movement about a central position.

Repeated back-and-forth movement through an arc about a fixed pivot.

An instrument that displays how an electrical signal varies with time.