Key terms & definitions

Hebrew for ‘anointed one’: in traditional Jewish belief, a future human leader descended from King David who will bring the Messianic age.

A patterned film that controls which areas of photoresist receive light during exposure.

The hiding of one flame colour by another, usually stronger, flame colour.

Covering selected areas before applying a finish so that those areas remain uncoated.

An elaborate entertainment involving masked performers, music and dancing, often based on mythological stories and performed for wealthy audiences.

An elaborate entertainment combining poetry, music, costume and dance, often associated with royal courts. Prospero’s spirits perform one to celebrate Miranda and Ferdinand’s betrothal.

The central Catholic service in which bread and wine are consecrated and Christ’s sacrifice is commemorated.

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, normally measured in grams or kilograms using a balance.

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).

The quantity of matter in an object, measured in units such as milligrams, grams, kilograms or tonnes.

A Christian act of worship, especially associated with Roman Catholicism, commemorating Christ’s sacrifice. In Duffy’s poem, it gives the photographer’s work religious seriousness.

The Catholic service of worship in which the Eucharist is celebrated.

The amount of matter in an ingredient, commonly measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). In recipes, this is usually called its weight.

The deliberate killing of a large number of people, often including people unable to defend themselves.

Rubbing and kneading muscles to help reduce tension and soreness and support recovery.

A people whom Cyrus attempted to conquer on his final campaign, ruled by Queen Tomyris in Herodotus’ account.

A large audience whose members may have varied backgrounds and interests.

Continuous practice of a skill without planned rest intervals between attempts.

The change of some mass into energy, consistent with the mass–energy relationship $E=mc^2$.

Entertainment reaching very large audiences, for example through films and radio broadcasts.

Mao’s principle that the Communist Party should learn from ordinary people’s experiences and ideas, then develop policies and mobilise people to carry them out under Party leadership.

Forms of communication that reach large audiences, including newspapers, television and the internet.

The movement of large numbers of people from one country or region to another to settle.

Organising large numbers of people to work towards a shared political or economic goal.

A political campaign that mobilises large numbers of ordinary people to take part in activities such as meetings, accusations and investigations.

The downhill movement of rock or soil under the influence of gravity.

The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus, written as $A$.

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom.

The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus, written at the upper left of a nuclide symbol.