Key terms & definitions

Physically working paper or board, for example by rolling, curving, pleating or pressing, to change its form.

Encouraging or discouraging children’s behaviour through approval or disapproval, helping shape gender expectations.

A check that an experimental manipulation has worked as intended, such as checking that participants perceive one game as more violent than another.

A bodhisattva who represents wisdom or insight in Mahayana Buddhism.

A self-centred person guided by their own ego and desires rather than by God and the Guru’s teachings.

Food that God provided for Moses and the Israelites in the wilderness, understood as a sign of God’s care and generosity.

The ability to change direction and position effectively. At sea, this allows ships to avoid attacks or surround slower opponents.

An instrument that compares gas pressure with another pressure by using the difference between liquid levels.

An estate controlled by a lord, including farmland and usually a village. Its peasants paid rents or provided services to the lord.

A court held under a lord’s authority that dealt with local matters such as minor offences and disputes over land within a manor.

A local court controlled by the lord of a manor, dealing with matters such as minor offences and land disputes.

A rank in the Mughal imperial service, determining an official’s standing and associated responsibilities.

A ranked official in Mughal service, whose obligations included maintaining a specified number of troops.

Mental service: directing the mind towards God and dedicating one's service to God.

A Greek seer or prophet who interpreted signs believed to reveal the gods’ wishes or the likely outcome of events.

The thick layer of rock beneath Earth’s crust. It is mostly solid, but parts can deform and flow very slowly.

A sacred sound, word or phrase recited in worship or meditation.

Guidance in which a coach or teacher physically moves or supports a performer’s body to assist a movement.

Moving or supporting a load using physical effort, including lifting and carrying sports equipment.

Moving or supporting a load by human effort, such as lifting, carrying, pushing or pulling it.

The stage in which raw or processed materials are converted into a finished product.

A sheet material made by bonding wood fibres, particles or layers together with adhesive.

A fibre produced by an industrial process rather than obtained directly in fibrous form from a plant or animal.

A board made by bonding wood layers, particles or fibres together, rather than cutting a solid board directly from a log.

Work that produces manufactured goods, usually using machinery in factories.

The process of making products from raw materials or components.

Extra material allowed beyond the finished dimensions for cutting, trimming or other manufacturing needs.

The ability to make a product using the available equipment, processes, skills and production capacity.

The expense of converting material into a finished product, including machinery, setup, labour and energy.

An operation used to turn material into a component or product, such as cutting, planing, shaping or joining.