Key terms & definitions

Technical details and instructions explaining how a developed design is to be made accurately, including relevant materials, dimensions, processes and checks.

The proportion of manufactured products that meet the required quality standards.

The release of an enslaved person from slavery by their enslaver.

The act of an owner freeing an enslaved person.

A Roman legal power over a wife which made her a member of her husband's legal family, with the position of a daughter.

A document or book written by hand rather than printed.

The decoration of a handwritten text with pictures, patterned borders or decorated letters.

An ancient Hindu text on dharma, also called the Laws of Manu, which includes teachings about courts, truthful testimony and the responsibility of judges.

Mao Zedong’s version of communism, which emphasised peasant revolution, mass participation, class struggle and Communist Party leadership.

The communist ideas associated with Mao Zedong, promoted as the guiding principles for politics and everyday life in China.

The explanation of the symbols, lines and colours used on a map.

The explanation of the colours, patterns and symbols used on a map.

The notation $f:x\mapsto 2x+5$ states that function $f$ maps an input to the output .

A short, sharp steel pin with a small round plastic head, pushed through paper or card into a backing that grips its shaft; the head holds the material against the backing temporarily.

The relationship between a distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground.

A figure who tries to prevent awakening through temptation and fear; Mara can also represent the inner obstacles of desire, ignorance and doubt.

A people and political power based in western India whose kingdom developed under Shivaji and resisted Mughal expansion.

An administrative district along the English–Scottish border. Each kingdom had an East, Middle and West March, supervised by wardens.

An earldom on the border between England and Wales, whose earl had extensive powers to defend and control the border region.

The Anglo-Norman lords who controlled territories along the Welsh border and within Wales, owing allegiance to the English Crown but exercising extensive powers in their own lordships.

A person pushed to the edge of a community, whose needs, views or participation are neglected.

The difference between actual or planned sales output and break-even output; it shows how far sales can fall before the business begins making a loss.

A seasoned liquid in which food is soaked before cooking to add flavour and moisture; acidic ingredients can also denature proteins.

Leaving food in contact with a marinade so that it develops flavour and may gain moisture or change texture before cooking.

A soldier trained to fight aboard ships and to board enemy vessels.

An ecosystem in seawater, including coastal waters and seabed habitats.

The wearing away and removal of coastal rock or sediment by the sea.

Relating to marriage; Catholic teaching holds that sexual intercourse belongs within marriage.

The breakdown of a married couple’s relationship, which may lead to separation or divorce but does not necessarily legally end the marriage.

A climate strongly influenced by the sea, usually with relatively mild winters, cool summers and a smaller annual temperature range than inland continental areas.