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GCSE Geography · key term
The thick layer of mostly solid rock between the Earth's crust and core, which can deform and flow very slowly.
Used by AQA, Edexcel and OCR
Specification 3.1.1.2 · Paper 1
The thick layer of rock beneath Earth’s crust. It is mostly solid, but parts can deform and flow very slowly.
Revise: Plate Tectonics and Plate MarginsEarth has a crust, a mantle beneath it, and a central core. A plate is not just a piece of crust: it includes the crust and the rigid uppermost mantle. Together, these form the lithosphere.
Paper 1
Distinguish the crust from the lithosphere: the lithosphere includes the crust and the rigid uppermost mantle.
Do not describe the whole mantle as liquid. It is mostly solid, but softer material can deform and flow very slowly.
Do not describe the whole mantle as liquid magma: it is mostly solid rock that can deform and flow very slowly.
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The thick layer of mainly solid, iron- and magnesium-rich silicate rock between Earth's crust and core.
Earth has three main layers: the crust, mantle and core. These names distinguish materials with different compositions. The crust contains relatively light rocks, the mantle contains silicate rocks rich in iron and magnesium, and the core is dense metal, mainly iron with nickel.
Specification 1.2a · Paper 1, Paper 3
Revise: Structure of the Earth and Convection CurrentsThe Earth has four main layers: crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. The crust is the thin, solid outermost layer. Beneath it lies the mantle, a layer of mostly solid rock about 2,900 km thick.