Key terms & definitions

Values associated with representative democracy, including freedom of speech, movement and information.

A feminist approach which seeks greater gender equality through legal reform, education and changes in attitudes.

An approach that understands biblical texts in their context and may read creation accounts symbolically, as expressing religious truths rather than a literal sequence of events.

The relaxation of restrictions on personal behaviour, increasing individual freedom.

A political philosophy emphasising individual freedom and the protection of rights.

Laws passed by the Liberal government between 1906 and 1914 to improve health and welfare, including school meals, pensions and National Insurance.

Politicians who broke away from the Liberal Party over opposition to Irish Home Rule and became allies of the Conservatives.

Bhikkhu Bodhi’s framework for those seeking to progress directly towards liberation, in which intentional harm must be strictly avoided.

A privilege, such as the right to hold a court, which allowed its holder to exercise authority normally belonging to the king.

A collection of pre-written, reusable code that a program can import and use.

A low-income country: a country with a low average income per person.

Official permission to hold an event, subject to conditions such as limits on attendance and requirements for hygiene and safety.

A payment collected from television licence holders which provides public funding for the BBC.

Money raised through television licences, which provides the BBC’s main source of funding.

A grant permitting a building or wall to be fortified or provided with battlements. Such grants could also convey prestige and recognition from the ruler.

Temporary, permitted disruption of ordinary rules, especially during a festival; it does not necessarily mean permanent freedom from those rules.

A professional entertainer permitted to mock social superiors within the conventions of their role, although still dependent on their employers.

Permission granted by a rights holder for another organisation to use or distribute a media product under agreed conditions.

An attendant of a Roman magistrate who carried symbols of authority and could enforce orders, including arrest and punishment.

Attendants who accompanied and protected a Roman ruler; Romulus was traditionally assigned 12.

A low-income developing country: a country with low average incomes and significant challenges in improving living standards and services.

An army officer who acts as a commander’s deputy; Cassio initially holds this position under Othello.

Continued existence in some form after a person’s physical death.

The belief that earthly life provides opportunities to respond to difficulties through faith, patience and good deeds, for which people are accountable to Allah.

A person's opportunities to obtain valued outcomes, such as good health, educational qualifications and secure employment.

The opportunities people have to obtain valued outcomes, such as a good education, secure employment and good health.

Variation in family arrangements and experiences as people move through different stages of their lives.

The stages a product passes through, from obtaining its raw materials to manufacture, distribution, use and end of life.

A method of evaluating environmental impacts throughout a material’s or product’s life, from raw material extraction to its end of life.

A method of evaluating a material’s or product’s environmental impacts throughout its life, from obtaining raw materials through manufacture and use to reuse, recycling or disposal.