Key terms & definitions

A systematic set of internationally agreed rules for naming chemical substances.

A systematic set of rules for naming chemical substances so that their identities can be communicated unambiguously.

A system of chemical naming based on conventions agreed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, allowing substances to be identified consistently.

A graph or relationship showing how the current through a component varies with the potential difference across it.

A graph showing how the current through a component varies with the potential difference across it.

In vitro fertilisation: eggs are fertilised with sperm outside the body, and a resulting embryo is transferred into the uterus.

In vitro fertilisation: a fertility treatment in which eggs are fertilised by sperm in a laboratory and an embryo is transferred into the uterus.

A treatment in which eggs are fertilised with sperm outside the body and an embryo is then placed in the uterus.

The angel of death, who takes people’s souls at Allah’s command.

Relating to the reign of James I of England, from 1603 to 1625.

A supporter of the restoration of James VII and II, or his Stuart descendants, to the throne after his removal in 1688.

Fabric with an intricate pattern woven into its structure through controlled selection of warp yarns, rather than printed onto its surface.

An assignment of the right to collect revenue from an area, used to pay a Mughal official and support his troops; it was not outright ownership of the land.

The Mughal emperor who ruled from 1605 to 1627, succeeding his father Akbar.

Jahangir’s memoirs, also known as the Tuzuk-e Jahangir, recording court life, political events, family matters and his interest in nature.

Hell: the place of punishment and suffering in the afterlife.

The Qur’anic name for Goliath, the enemy killed by Dawud in battle.

A language spoken in Jamaica, with its own grammatical patterns and vocabulary. Bennett uses it as a literary language and a means of expressing Jamaican cultural identity.

The structures at Mina towards which pilgrims throw pebbles, symbolising rejection of Satan and temptation.

The theory that an emotional stimulus first causes physiological arousal, and experiencing these bodily changes produces the emotion.

A traditional account of Guru Nanak's life, including accounts of his religious experiences.

Paradise: the place of peace and happiness in the afterlife granted by Allah as a reward.

Quiet or silent repetition of a mantra, often counted using a string of beads.

Specialist words or expressions used by a particular group that other people may not understand.

A member of the wealthy ruling elite in Viking society.

The 1936 protest march by unemployed men from Jarrow to London to draw attention to their town’s unemployment and demand work.

The leader of a Sikh takht, or seat of authority.

A caste or community group, usually inherited through birth; distinct from the broader fourfold classification of varna.

A style of music developed by African American musicians from traditions including blues and ragtime; it became closely associated with dancing and youthful social freedom in the 1920s.

Fear or resentment that another person may take away affection, attention or a valued relationship.