Key terms & definitions

Expansion through developing a business’s own activities, such as launching new products or entering new markets, rather than joining with or buying another business.

An official identity document used within a country to regulate residence and movement.

A penetration test in which the tester has knowledge of the target system and possibly basic credentials, simulating an attack by a malicious insider.

Filling a vacancy with someone who already works for the business, through promotion or redeployment.

The consistency of results across items within a test.

Rhyming words within a line, rather than only at line endings.

The buying and selling of enslaved people within the United States, including their forced movement from the Upper South to the Deep South.

Funding generated within a business or provided from its owner's own resources, such as retained profit, sales of unwanted assets or personal savings.

An individual or group within a business, such as its owners, managers or employees, with an interest in its activities.

The extent to which a change in the dependent variable can confidently be attributed to the independent variable rather than an uncontrolled factor.

Natural fluctuations in climate that occur alongside longer-term climate change.

Money, goods, expertise or other assistance provided internationally to support people or development.

Using a recognisable business or product identity across national markets, with adaptations where needed.

A globally used classification produced by the World Health Organization, providing standard symptoms, features and guidelines for diagnosing physical and mental health conditions.

A production made jointly by companies from more than one country, sharing resources, funding or expertise.

A confrontation between states that creates a serious risk of war.

A disagreement involving countries, for example over territory, trade or government actions.

Rules that limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting people who are not, or are no longer, fighting and restricting weapons and military tactics.

Co-operation between countries to address shared problems and maintain peace through agreements and international organisations.

The body of rules governing relations between states, including treaties, customary rules and general legal principles.

Movement from one country to another to live.

A body through which countries work together towards shared aims, such as maintaining security or supporting development.

A body through which countries work together on shared issues, such as security, human rights or trade.

A river whose course crosses national boundaries, linking the water resources of different countries.

The internationally agreed system of measurement units used to make measurements consistent and comparable.

The internationally agreed system of measurement units used to communicate quantitative scientific data consistently.

A recognised standard system of measurement built from seven base units; those used most often in mechanics include the metre, kilogram and second.

An internationally agreed system of measurement units, built from seven base units and combinations of them.

Tourism in which people travel from one country to another.

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries.