Key terms & definitions

Explaining what a result or pattern in data means, such as recognising that a shorter sprint time indicates improved speed.

Someone who translates spoken language so that people speaking different languages can communicate.

A program that executes high-level source code statement by statement, calling pre-compiled machine-code subroutines rather than directly generating a machine-code executable.

The name associated with the temporal-cortex regions investigated by Penfield where electrical stimulation could evoke memories, feelings or experiences such as hearing music.

An approach to sociology that seeks to understand the meanings people attach to their actions and experiences, usually through qualitative evidence.

The upper quartile minus the lower quartile: $\text{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

A measure of spread covering the middle 50% of ordered data, calculated as upper quartile minus lower quartile: $\mathrm{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$.

The difference between the upper and lower quartiles; it measures the spread of the middle half of the data.

The difference between the upper and lower quartiles: $\mathrm{IQR}=Q_3-Q_1$. It measures the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

The difference between the upper and lower quartiles, measuring the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

The extent to which different raters or observers give consistent measurements of the same behaviour.

The period from 1649 to 1660 between the execution of Charles I and the restoration of Charles II, when England had no reigning monarch.

A temporary ruler appointed during a gap in supreme leadership. In the traditional account of the Republic’s foundation, an interrex organised the selection of new magistrates.

A sentence that asks a question.

A signal that alerts the operating system that an event needs attention.

The length of time for which a card attached to a moving object blocks a light gate.

The event containing outcomes that belong to both $A$ and $B$, written $A\cap B$.

The event containing outcomes that belong to both $A$ and $B$, written $A\cap B$.

The way different forms of inequality, such as class, gender and ethnicity, overlap and shape people's experiences together.

An approach that examines how characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity and social class interact rather than treating each separately.

Competition between members of different species.

Competition between organisms of different species for the same limited resource.

The relationship between texts created when one text quotes, echoes, adapts or responds to another.

A relationship or reference between media products that influences meaning through an audience’s knowledge of another product.

A reference within one film to another film or cultural work.

The coastal area between high-tide and low-tide levels, which is covered and exposed as the tide changes.

A shot of written text inserted between images to communicate dialogue or narrative information.

A belt near the equator where trade winds meet and warm, moist air rises, producing clouds and heavy rainfall.

A tropical belt of low pressure where the trade winds meet, causing warm, moist air to rise and produce heavy rainfall.

The zone near the equator where trade winds meet and warm, moist air rises, producing low pressure and frequent heavy rainfall.