Key terms & definitions

Moving into another country to live or work there.

The movement of people into a country to live.

Rules governing who may enter a country and under what conditions they may stay.

A limit on the number of immigrants allowed to enter a country.

Liquids that do not mix and form separate layers.

Describes liquids that do not mix and instead form separate layers.

Describes liquids, such as oil and water, that do not normally mix together.

An antibody fixed in position on the test strip, where it captures the target or an antibody–target complex.

Behaviour that is morally wrong; deliberately using prohibited PEDs is considered immoral because it involves cheating.

Everlasting and not subject to death.

Living for ever rather than being subject to death.

The belief that the soul continues to exist after the physical body dies.

An elite Persian infantry force described as numbering 10,000 men.

The elite Persian troops whom Herodotus calls the ‘Immortals’. They attacked the Greek position at Thermopylae and later used the mountain route to outflank it.

An immune response in which transplanted cells from another person are recognised as non-self and attacked.

An immune response in which a patient's immune system recognises transplanted cells as non-self and attacks them.

The body's cells, tissues and processes that recognise and defend against pathogens and their harmful products.

The body's defence system that responds to pathogens, including the actions of white blood cells.

The process of producing immunity or increased resistance to an infectious disease, commonly through vaccination.

The process of stimulating an immune response, including the formation of memory lymphocytes, to protect against a future infection.

Protection against a particular disease; people who recovered from smallpox were protected against catching it again.

The ability to respond quickly to a particular pathogen following previous exposure to its antigens.

Protection against a particular pathogen through the body's ability to respond rapidly when it encounters that pathogen again.

A medicine that reduces the activity of the immune system, helping prevent it from attacking a transplanted organ.

A drug that reduces immune-system activity, helping to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ.

A medicine that reduces immune-system activity, helping to prevent transplant rejection but increasing susceptibility to infection.

Treatment that reduces the activity of the immune system, often used to lower the risk of transplant rejection.

A medicine that reduces the activity of the immune system, helping to prevent it attacking a transplanted organ.

Medicines that reduce the activity of the immune system, helping prevent it from attacking a transplanted organ.

The difference an action makes to people, a community or wider society.