Key terms & definitions

A compound containing no water within its crystal structure.

A salt containing no water of crystallisation.

A substance that contains no water, especially no water of crystallisation.

Impermanence: things that arise through causes and conditions change rather than remaining fixed forever.

The use of animals in scientific research, including studying diseases and testing possible medicines or the safety of substances.

The careful management and care of farm animals, including feeding, breeding, milking and organising a flock.

Language that compares a person or their behaviour to an animal, suggesting qualities such as instinct, aggression or vulnerability.

The principles developed from old Major’s teachings, including opposition to human domination and equality among animals.

The belief that animals have rights that should limit how humans use them, including for entertainment.

The belief that animals have moral entitlements, such as protection from abuse; stronger versions include a right to life.

The protection of animals from suffering and the promotion of their well-being.

The wellbeing of animals, including their health, living conditions and protection from unnecessary suffering.

The wellbeing of animals, including their health, living conditions and treatment.

Believing that inanimate objects are alive or have feelings.

A feeling of hostility or strong resentment towards someone.

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

A negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains electrons.

Giving or sharing food with others as an act of charity.

A ceremonial offering of a ‘mountain of food’ to deities, expressing thanksgiving to God and seeking blessings.

Historical writing organised around successive years, although an author may group connected events together.

A historical record arranged by year, often written by monks or other churchmen.

A heat-treatment process used to soften a metal, relieve internal stresses and make it easier to shape.

The incorporation of another territory into a state, usually without the agreement of its inhabitants or government.

The process in which a particle and its antiparticle meet and their mass is converted into energy; in PET, a positron and electron produce two gamma-ray photons.

A drawing with notes and labels that explain particular features, materials, dimensions or functions.

A note attached to a particular feature that describes it or explains its geographical significance.

A brief note added beside a text to record an observation, interpretation or useful piece of evidence.

An explanatory note attached to a drawing or image that communicates a feature, decision, reason or proposed improvement.

A yearly meeting at which a company’s shareholders can hear from and question its leadership.

The pattern of variation in a river’s discharge throughout a year.