Key terms & definitions

Estimating a value outside the range of observed data by continuing an apparent trend.

Estimating an unknown value outside the range of the observed data.

A personality dimension involving sociability, outgoing behaviour and a tendency to seek stimulation. Also spelt ‘extroversion’.

A shot that shows a small detail, such as fingers or part of a face, filling most of the frame.

A habitat in which conditions such as water availability, temperature or light make survival particularly difficult.

A shot showing a wide area in which people or other subjects appear relatively small.

A data value that is unusually large or small compared with the other values in a dataset.

Weather that is unusually severe or unusual for a particular place and time of year.

A weather event, such as a heatwave, drought or period of very heavy rainfall, that is unusually severe or uncommon for a particular place and time.

An unusually severe weather event for its location and time of year that can cause major disruption or damage.

Political views or movements seeking fundamental change and rejecting the existing political system; in Weimar Germany, the Nazis and Communists opposed parliamentary democracy.

Holding extreme views with intolerance towards other viewpoints; some forms support violence to achieve their aims.

An organism that lives in extreme conditions, such as very high temperature, pressure or salt concentration.

An organism adapted to live in extreme conditions, such as very high temperature, pressure or salt concentration.

Feedback from outside the performer, such as information from a coach, teammate or crowd.

The drive to perform well or win in order to gain external rewards, such as trophies or praise.

An external reward, such as prize money, sponsorship or public recognition.

A reward separate from the satisfaction of an activity itself, such as a grade for schoolwork or wages for employment.

Worth that something has because of its usefulness or the benefits it provides.

A personality type characterised by being sociable, enthusiastic and talkative, enjoying interaction with others and becoming bored when alone.

A length of material made by forcing softened polymer through a shaped opening called a die, giving it a consistent cross-section.

A manufacturing process that continuously forces softened polymer through a shaped die to produce a length with a constant cross-section.

The relatively calm centre of a mature tropical cyclone, where air sinks and conditions are often dry and cloud-free.

When two people look at each other’s eyes at the same time.

The microscope lens through which the observer looks; it further magnifies the image produced by the objective lens.

The ring of towering thunderclouds surrounding a tropical cyclone's eye, containing its strongest winds and heaviest rainfall.

A person who directly observes an event. Lanyon witnesses Hyde's transformation into Jekyll.

Evidence produced by someone who personally observed the events being described.

An account given by someone who personally saw an event.

A strategy of preserving an army, avoiding an unfavourable decisive battle and gradually weakening an enemy through pressure on its troops, supplies and support.