Key terms & definitions

An enzyme that joins pieces of DNA into a continuous molecule.

An enzyme that joins DNA pieces by sealing their sugar–phosphate backbones.

A single, large, circular DNA molecule found free in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell.

A pattern produced by analysing selected parts of a person's DNA, which can be compared with DNA recovered from a crime scene.

The copying of DNA to produce two copies of each chromosome before a cell divides.

The copying of DNA to produce two exact copies of each chromosome before cell division.

The order of the bases A, C, G and T along a length of DNA.

Determining the order of nucleotide bases in a section of DNA.

Determining the order of bases in a DNA molecule so that sequences can be studied and compared.

One of the two long chains of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

A long chain of joined nucleotides that forms one of the two chains in a DNA molecule.

The unfolding of the outcome after the climax, resolving the narrative’s main conflicts.

A Domain Name Service, made up of multiple Domain Name Servers, that looks up domain names and returns their corresponding IP addresses.

The religious beliefs officially taught by a Church.

A set of beliefs taught as authoritative by a religious group.

A religious teaching or belief, such as a Christian teaching about Jesus.

A Company policy used to annex Indian states when their ruler died without an heir recognised by the Company.

A written record that historians use to investigate the past, such as a royal grant, letter or newspaper article.

A factual-seeming style that uses precise details, reports and records to present events as though they could be documented.

A product with low market share in a low-growth market.

The examination of an Athenian official’s eligibility before entering office.

The ‘stab-in-the-back’ accusation that civilian politicians had betrayed Germany by accepting defeat. It was a nationalist claim, not an established fact.

The everyday name for unemployment benefit paid to people who were out of work.

A camera movement towards, away from or alongside a subject, usually using a wheeled support.

A shot in which the camera physically moves towards, away from or alongside its subject.

A technique combining camera movement with a change in zoom, altering the apparent relationship between the subject and background.

A classification group above kingdom in the three-domain system.

A broad classification group above kingdom. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryota.

The set of allowed input values for a function, often restricted by the meaning of a practical problem.

A human-readable name, such as example.org, used to identify a website rather than remembering its server's numeric IP address.