Key terms & definitions

Opposition to a decision or to the person exercising authority.

A Protestant Christian who belongs to a religious community separate from the established Church of England.

A person who challenges or criticises the political system under which they live.

Energy that has spread into less useful stores, usually the thermal energy store of the surroundings.

The weakening and eventual breakdown of a tropical cyclone as its energy supply is reduced or its circulation is disrupted.

The spreading of energy into less useful stores, usually the thermal energy stores of objects and their surroundings.

The spreading out of energy into less useful stores, often the thermal stores of the surroundings.

The separation of an acid into ions when it dissolves in water.

The separation of a substance into ions when it dissolves; an acid dissociates to produce hydrogen ions.

The ending or absorption of the universe’s existing form; in Hindu cyclical accounts, this is part of a wider cycle rather than necessarily the final end of everything.

The formal ending of a Parliament before a general election, when all MPs cease to hold their seats.

Henry VIII’s closure of monasteries and nunneries and the seizure of their land and wealth by the Crown.

To mix with a liquid so that the substance's particles become dispersed throughout the liquid.

An edit in which one image gradually disappears while another appears, briefly overlapping the two.

A small food molecule dissolved in water, such as glucose or an amino acid, that can be transported to cells.

A small, soluble nutrient molecule, such as a sugar or an amino acid, that can be transported in a watery liquid.

Food substances, such as sugars and amino acids, dissolved in water so that they can be transported.

Oxygen dissolved in water and available for aquatic organisms to use in respiration.

Substances dissolved in water which remain as a solid residue when the water is evaporated.

The process in which a substance mixes into a liquid to form a solution.

How far an object moves along its path, without a direction.

The total length of the path travelled by an object, measured in metres (m).

The distance moved in the direction in which a force acts.

The distance an object moves along the direction in which the force acts, measured in metres (m).

A lever arrangement that makes the load move farther or faster than the effort point; this requires a larger effort force.

A graph showing how an object's total distance travelled changes with time.

A graph showing the total distance travelled by an object against elapsed time, with distance on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.

A graph showing how an object's distance from a stated point changes over time.

The total length of the path an object has travelled, regardless of direction.

The total length of the path travelled by an object, regardless of direction, measured in metres.