Key terms & definitions

A condition that disrupts normal physical or mental functioning and can cause ill health.

A condition that stops part of the body from working properly and causes symptoms.

An allele found more often in people with a disease or health response than in a comparison group; it may affect risk without being the sole cause.

The number of cases of a disease recorded in a specified population, place or period.

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a stated time period, often expressed relative to population size.

An increase in average unit cost caused by inefficiencies as a business becomes larger.

The removal or denial of a person’s ability to vote.

Withdrawal from social relationships, activities or wider participation in society.

An agreement separating opposing military forces to reduce the risk of renewed fighting. It is not necessarily a final peace treaty.

A state of mental imbalance caused by information that does not fit existing schemas.

The removal or denial of a person’s right to vote.

The public shame caused by behaviour judged to violate accepted social or moral standards.

Clothing, behaviour or a changed identity used to prevent others from recognising someone.

Loss of faith in beliefs or expectations that previously seemed convincing.

Disappointment caused by losing faith in something previously valued or trusted.

The withdrawal of investment from a country or its businesses.

Reorganising file blocks on a magnetic hard drive so that related blocks are stored contiguously, meaning next to one another.

A feeling of being disconnected from a place, community or cultural identity.

An injury in which a bone is displaced from its normal position at a joint.

In Propp’s theory, a character who sends the hero on a quest or makes them aware of a problem.

A settlement pattern in which homes or farmsteads are scattered rather than clustered together.

The spread of observations, rather than just their average value.

The separation of white light into colours because different wavelengths travel at different speeds and refract by different amounts in a material.

The separation of light into its constituent colours because different wavelengths travel at different speeds in a material and are refracted by different amounts.

The spread or variability of the values in a data set.

The extent to which values in a dataset are spread out.

A graph showing individual observations along a numerical scale so that their spread and clustering can be compared.

Liquid or gas moved out of the space occupied by an immersed object.

A person forced to leave their home by events such as war or persecution; after the Second World War, many displaced Europeans could not safely return home.

The volume of fluid that is moved aside by the immersed part of an object.