Key terms & definitions

A relationship in which two quantities change by the same factor, represented by the symbol $\propto$.

A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor multiplies the other by the same factor. For constant gravitational field strength, $W \propto m$.

A relationship of the form $y=kx$, where the ratio $\frac{y}{x}$ is constant and the graph passes through the origin.

A relationship in which one quantity increases by the same factor as another; its graph is a straight line through the origin.

A relationship in which multiplying one quantity by a factor multiplies the other by the same factor. The symbol $\propto$ means ‘is proportional to’.

Someone's exact words reproduced accurately and identified as coming from that person or source.

Personally receiving a reward after performing behaviour, making that behaviour more likely to be repeated.

God making himself or his message known directly to a person or group.

Government of Northern Ireland from Westminster rather than through its own regional parliament and government.

Income obtained by selling a media product or access to it directly to consumers.

The exact words a person or character speaks, enclosed in quotation marks.

A tax paid on income or profit, such as income tax or corporation tax.

Tax charged directly on an individual's or business's income, profits, gains or wealth, rather than through purchases.

An explanation proposing that the environment provides enough sensory information for perception without drawing on past experience to make inferences.

A potential difference whose polarity stays the same: its positive and negative terminals do not swap.

A potential difference whose polarity remains in one direction, even if its magnitude changes.

A voltage that keeps the same polarity, so one terminal remains positive relative to the other.

A silver coin minted in the Islamic world and widely used in Viking trade.

A physical or mental impairment that can affect everyday activities. Its effect on participation depends partly on the activity and the support and adaptations available.

A physical or mental impairment that has substantial, long-term negative effects on a person's ability to carry out normal daily activities.

Prejudiced attitudes or discriminatory treatment towards disabled people that can restrict their opportunities.

A sugar consisting of two sugar units joined together. Examples include sucrose, lactose and maltose.

Reducing or removing weapons through negotiation or other action.

The reduction or removal of weapons; nuclear disarmament concerns reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons.

An event in which the potential harm of a hazard is realised, causing actual damage or loss.

The ability to distinguish accurately between appearances and reality, or between good and poor judgement.

The volume of water passing a particular point in a river each second, measured in cubic metres per second (m³/s), also called cumecs.

The conversion of an ion into a substance at an electrode during electrolysis.

The process in which an ion gains or loses electrons at an electrode to form a neutral product.

A payment demanded by a gaoler before a prisoner could leave prison.