Key terms & definitions

A court-imposed sentence served outside custody, which may involve unpaid work, supervision or restrictions on an offender's activities.

A court sentence served in the community, with requirements such as unpaid work, treatment or a curfew.

Unpaid work carried out by an offender for the benefit of the community as part of a sentence.

A punishment requiring an offender to carry out unpaid work that benefits the community.

A punishment imposed by a court requiring an offender to do unpaid work in the community.

A court order requiring an offender to perform unpaid work that benefits the community, as an alternative to another sentence.

An operation is commutative if reversing the order leaves the result unchanged. Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general: $AB$ and $BA$ can differ.

The rule that changing the order of addition or multiplication does not change the result: $a+b=b+a$ and $ab=ba$.

A regular journey between a person's home and workplace.

A settlement where many residents travel to work in another settlement, often a nearby city.

Regular travel between home and a workplace elsewhere.

A marriage based on affection, shared interests and companionship rather than primarily on money, status or practical advantage.

Elite Macedonian mounted troops used as a major attacking force, often led into battle by Alexander.

A living cell alongside a phloem sieve-tube cell that supplies energy for transporting sucrose.

A living cell alongside a phloem sieve tube that supports its transport function, including supplying energy for sucrose transport.

Alexander’s close associates and leading officers, who formed an important part of the Macedonian ruling elite.

A relationship that offers company, understanding and shared feelings.

A site sufficiently similar in purpose, period or circumstances to make a historical comparison meaningful.

A comparison that explains both similarities and differences between texts.

An argument explaining a meaningful similarity or difference between texts, supported by evidence from both.

A pie chart in a set of charts whose whole-circle areas are proportional to the totals represented. Sector angles show category proportions.

A circuit that compares two input voltages and changes its output state according to which voltage is greater.

An examination of similarities and differences between texts, explaining how these affect their meanings.

A meaningful similarity or difference between texts, supported by evidence from each.

An operation that checks two values against each other, for example to decide which comes first in sorted order.

An operator that compares values and produces a Boolean result: true or false.

A deliberate separation between different parts of life, such as Wemmick’s professional hardness and private affection.

The curved mark drawn by a compass while its opening stays fixed.

A drawing instrument with a fixed point and a pencil leg, used to draw circles.

Sympathy for another person's suffering, accompanied by a wish to relieve it.