Key terms & definitions

The Christian symbol formed from the Greek letters Χ and Ρ, the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ.

Removing wood using a sharp-edged blade, pushed by hand or driven with a mallet, to make recesses or other shapes.

A medieval warrior code which valued courage and loyalty, alongside ideals such as mercy, justice and generosity.

An accepted code of honourable behaviour; in the brother’s fight, ‘pugilistic chivalry’ means the fair conduct associated with boxing.

The argument that the criminal justice system treats women more leniently than men, particularly women who conform to gender stereotypes.

A sexually transmitted bacterial infection that often causes no symptoms and can be treated with antibiotics.

Adding chlorine to water to kill harmful microorganisms.

The addition of chlorine to water to kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms.

A greenish-yellow, toxic gas with the formula Cl₂.

A chemical whose vapour was used as a general anaesthetic. James Simpson demonstrated its anaesthetic effects in 1847.

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

The green pigment that absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis.

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

A subcellular structure in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

A structure within a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.

The yellowing of normally green plant tissue because too little chlorophyll is present.

The range of products, services or options available to customers.

An organised group whose members sing together.

A bacterial disease usually spread through water or food contaminated with infected human faeces. Severe diarrhoea can cause fatal dehydration.

A bacterial disease that causes diarrhoea.

A fatty substance produced naturally by the liver and carried in the blood. It is needed by cells, but excessive amounts of certain cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins increase cardiovascular risk.

A ceremony in which business account books are blessed at Diwali, marking preparation for a new accounting year and reflection on one’s relationship with God.

A straight line segment joining two points on a circle's circumference.

A wealthy Athenian citizen responsible for financing a chorus and its preparation for a dramatic or choral competition.

A wealthy citizen who sponsored the training and equipment of a chorus for a dramatic or choral production at an Athenian festival.

A map in which areas are shaded according to classes of numerical values shown in a key.

A map or spatial diagram in which regions are shaded, coloured or patterned according to the data category they belong to.

A group of performers in an ancient Greek play who sing or speak collectively and comment on its events and themes.

A speaker or group of speakers who addresses the audience and comments on a play's action.

A group of performers in ancient Greek drama who comment on events and interact with the characters. In Euripides’ Medea, they represent Corinthian women.