Eduqas GCSE Sociology key terms

A pattern of relying on welfare benefits which, according to the New Right, can become accepted as a way of life and discourage paid work and personal responsibility.

A child who relies on a parent or carer for support and care, rather than living independently.

A measure combining indicators of missing goods, poor living conditions or restricted activities to assess the extent of deprivation.

Discouraging an offence by making people anticipate being caught or punished.

Behaviour that breaks the norms or expectations of a social group or society; it is not necessarily illegal.

A process in which reactions intended to control deviance contribute to further deviance, reinforcing the original concern.

A process through which deviance becomes an increasingly established part of a person's identity and way of life.

The unequal application of the law to different social groups, including differences in investigation, prosecution and punishment.

Unequal enforcement of the law against different social groups or types of crime.

Prejudiced attitudes or discriminatory treatment towards disabled people that can restrict their opportunities.

Unfair treatment of a person or group because of characteristics such as ethnicity, sex, religion or disability.

The allocation of different tasks and responsibilities to different people.

The legal ending of a marriage.

A measure of divorce relative to the married population. The ONS reports rates for men and women per 1,000 married individuals.

Abusive behaviour between partners, ex-partners or personally connected family members, including physical, sexual, emotional and economic abuse and controlling behaviour.

The way household tasks and caring responsibilities are allocated between family members.

Work involved in maintaining a household and caring for its members, such as cooking, cleaning and childcare.

Physical violence within domestic relationships, such as hitting or kicking; it is one form of the wider category of domestic abuse.

The view that female offenders may be judged more harshly because they are seen as breaking both the law and expectations of appropriate female behaviour.

The combination of paid employment and unpaid domestic work carried out by the same person.

The combined responsibility for paid employment and unpaid domestic work, including childcare; also called the double shift.

A family in which both partners pursue careers alongside their family responsibilities.

A harmful consequence of a social institution or practice for individuals, groups or wider society.

A family whose relationships or behaviour cause harm to members or undermine care, support and socialisation.

The educational results or qualifications a person achieves, such as GCSE grades.

A family in which members have relatively equal power and partners share responsibilities and decision-making.

The argument that increasing prosperity leads working-class people to adopt middle-class lifestyles, values and attitudes.