Dual burden

The combination of paid employment and responsibility for unpaid domestic work and childcare.

The combination of paid employment and responsibility for domestic work and childcare.

Even when women have paid employment, they may still do most housework and childcare. This combination is called the dual burden. Family time may therefore provide leisure for a man while remaining work time for a woman, challenging the assumption that family life offers equal relief from stress.

The combination of paid employment and responsibility for unpaid housework and childcare, also called the double shift.

Paid employment does not necessarily remove the dual burden. Consider whether household tasks are shared equally as well.

The combination of paid employment and unpaid domestic responsibilities, often carried disproportionately by women.

The combined responsibility for paid employment and unpaid domestic work.

Combining paid employment with responsibility for domestic work and childcare; also called the double shift.

Women may therefore experience a dual burden, or double shift: paid employment alongside the main responsibility for domestic work. Duncombe and Marsden (1995) described a triple shift, adding emotional work, such as comforting a distressed child or supporting a worried partner. Two incomes do not automatically produce two equal domestic contributions.

The responsibility for paid employment alongside unpaid domestic work and childcare.

The combination of paid employment and responsibility for domestic work, which feminists argue falls disproportionately on women.

The combined responsibility for paid employment and unpaid domestic work, including childcare; also called the double shift.

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AQA GCSE Sociology · 8192

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Eduqas GCSE Sociology · C200