Eduqas GCSE Geography B key terms

The movement of people back into central areas of towns and cities, often following a period of population decline.

A logarithmic scale of earthquake magnitude based on recorded seismic-wave amplitude. An increase of one magnitude unit represents ten times the amplitude.

The likelihood of harm occurring and the seriousness of its possible consequences.

Action taken to reduce the likelihood or consequences of harm.

The volume of water passing a particular point in a river per second, usually measured in cubic metres per second, $\text{m}^3/\text{s}$.

Water overflowing a river channel onto the surrounding land because the channel’s capacity has been exceeded.

A decline in the number of people living in a countryside area.

The transition area at the edge of a town or city, where urban and rural land uses meet.

The movement of people from countryside settlements to towns and cities to live.

The accumulation of salts in soil, which can reduce plant growth and crop yields.

The bouncing of smaller particles, such as pebbles, along a river bed.

The entry of saltwater into freshwater supplies or land, reducing water quality and potentially damaging vegetation.

The movement of seawater into a freshwater groundwater store, which can occur when too much groundwater is removed near a coast.

A selected part of a population used to investigate the characteristics of the whole.

The number of people, objects, locations or observations included in a sample.

A plan for deciding where, when and how much data to collect.

A marked line showing the ground distances represented by lengths on a map.

A bar divided into labelled sections that shows the ground distance represented by a length on a map.

A graph in which each point represents a pair of values, used to investigate the relationship between two variables.

A graph in which each point represents a pair of numerical values, used to investigate the relationship between two variables.

An increase in the average level of the sea, caused by processes including the expansion of warming seawater and the melting of ice on land.

Employment available mainly during particular parts of the year, such as the summer tourist season.

Flooding associated with recurring seasonal conditions, such as a wet season or spring snowmelt.

An organism that feeds on primary consumers.

Evidence already collected by someone else, such as historical photographs, weather records or previous students’ fieldwork results.

A wedge-shaped part of a circle, bounded by two radii and an arc. Its angle represents a category’s share of the total in a pie chart.

Loose material, such as sand, gravel and mud, that can be transported and deposited.