Eduqas GCSE Geography B key terms

Further economic activity created when an initial investment generates spending, income and additional jobs.

A sense of belonging to a nation, based on features such as shared history, symbols, traditions and values.

A country's own climate-action pledge under the Paris Agreement, including its emissions-reduction targets.

Population growth caused by births outnumbering deaths, excluding migration.

An overall relationship in which higher values of one variable tend to occur with lower values of another.

The number of people moving into an area minus the number moving out during a particular period.

A balance in which greenhouse gas emissions released are matched by greenhouse gases removed from the atmosphere.

A country whose economy has undergone substantial industrial growth and development.

A country that has experienced rapid industrial growth and is becoming increasingly important in the world economy, with manufacturing and often services expanding beyond an economy heavily dependent on agriculture.

An organisation independent of government that works towards goals such as reducing poverty or protecting the environment.

A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution with most observations near the centre and progressively fewer towards either extreme.

A numbered horizontal grid line on a map; northing numbers increase towards the north.

The movement of nutrients between soil, living organisms and dead organic matter through processes such as plant uptake and decomposition.

The transfer of nutrients between stores, for example from soil into plants through root uptake.

A place where nutrients are held within an ecosystem, such as biomass, litter or soil.

A front formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front.

Selecting readily available people or accessible locations when the opportunity arises.

A factor of ten in size: one order of magnitude means ten times as large, and two orders mean one hundred times as large.

The starting value used as the basis for calculating a change; in a comparison over time, this is the value at the earlier date.

A data point that lies noticeably away from the general pattern of the other points.

Removing water from a store faster than it is replenished, causing the amount stored to decline.

Grazing that removes vegetation faster than it can regrow.

Water flowing over the top of a coastal or flood defence.

A curved lake formed when a meander is cut off from the main river channel.

A system in which people leave their cars at a designated car park and continue their journey by public transport.

A person whose livelihood depends on keeping grazing livestock.

A recognisable arrangement in data, such as repeated seasonal peaks or a concentration of high values in one direction.