Edexcel GCSE Chemistry key terms

The $\mathrm{-C(=O)-O-}$ connection formed when a carboxylic acid group reacts with an alcohol group.

A reasoned approximate value found from suitable known information rather than an exact measurement.

A judgement that weighs advantages and disadvantages against the needs of a particular use.

The physical change from a liquid to a gas at its surface, which can occur below its boiling point.

Information or observations used to support, challenge or develop a scientific explanation.

An amount of reactant greater than the amount needed to react completely with the other reactant.

A reactant present in more than the amount needed to react completely with the other reactant.

More reagent than is needed to complete the initial reaction; here, sodium hydroxide is added beyond the point at which a precipitate first forms.

A reaction or change that transfers heat energy to the surroundings.

A change that transfers energy from the reacting system to the surroundings, usually causing the measured mixture's temperature to rise.

A reaction in which heat energy is transferred to the surroundings because forming product bonds releases more energy than breaking reactant bonds requires.

The way in which a substance can enter the body, such as by inhalation or ingestion.

The process of obtaining a metal from a material such as an ore.

An estimate made beyond the measured range by extending an observed trend.

A tenfold change: the original value is multiplied or divided by 10.

An incorrect positive result caused by another substance reacting in the test.

A raw material used in an industrial process to manufacture other substances.

The breakdown of sugar by yeast enzymes, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.

A substance added to soil to supply mineral nutrients needed for healthy plant growth.

The liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

A separation technique in which a mixture passes through filter paper, trapping an insoluble solid.

Limited in supply and not replaced on a human timescale once it is used.

Particles held in place within a coating or another material, so they are less likely to be released and enter the body or environment.

An instrument that provides data which can be used to identify metal ions and determine their concentrations in dilute solutions.

A laboratory test in which a sample is heated in a flame and the flame colour is used to identify certain metal ions.

Able to catch fire easily.

The ability to bend without breaking.