AQA GCSE Combined Science: Synergy key terms

The quantity of electric charge passing through a component, measured in coulombs (C).

A change in which one or more new substances are formed.

Energy stored in substances that can be transferred during chemical changes, such as those taking place in a battery.

A representation using chemical symbols and subscripts to show the elements in a substance and their atomic proportions.

A letter or pair of letters representing an element. The first letter is capitalised and any second letter is lowercase.

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

A structure in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place; it contains chlorophyll.

The pattern of separated substances produced by chromatography.

A technique that separates substances in a mixture because they distribute differently between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

A structure made of DNA that carries genes. Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells.

Tiny hair-like structures on the surface of cells that move mucus towards the throat in the trachea and bronchi.

A representation of an electrical circuit using standard symbols to show components and their connections.

The transport system consisting of the heart, blood and blood vessels.

The organisation of living organisms into groups based on shared characteristics and, in modern systems, their evolutionary relationships.

The long-term patterns of weather in a region, including averages and variation.

A long-term change in climate patterns, including temperature, rainfall and weather extremes.

A computer representation of the climate system that uses physical laws governing the movement of mass and energy to analyse changes and make predictions.

An investigation of a treatment in human volunteers or patients.

An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.

A complete conducting path around which electrical charge can flow.

A system in which no energy enters or leaves, so its total energy remains constant.

A number placed before a chemical formula in an equation. In a balanced equation, coefficients give the relative amounts in moles of the substances involved.

The number of collisions occurring per unit time, such as per second.

The explanation that chemical reactions occur only when reactant particles collide with sufficient energy to react.

Burning: a chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen and releases energy.

An ancestral organism from which two or more groups of organisms evolved.

A disease caused by a pathogen that can spread between organisms.